Intellectual Disability
Categories of intellectual disability etiology
biomedical, social, behavioral, educational
The knowledge and use of two or more languages
What is bilingualism/multilingualism?
The age group at highest risk of traumatic brain injury, based on epidemiology
What is 0-4?
To add to or supplement existing speech
The period of literacy development that occurs during early childhood and focuses on skills in oral language, print awareness, and phonological awareness
What is emergent literacy?
A genetic disorder that occurs in 1 in 7500-20,000 live births, is caused by the deletion of 17 genes, and is characterized by dysmorphic facial features, intellectual disability, connective tissue abnormalities, cardiovascular disease, and growth deficiency
What is William's syndrome?
A person who knows and uses a signed language and a spoken language is said to be this
What is bimodal bilingual?
The age group that is at the second highest risk for traumatic brain injury, based on epidemiology
What is 15-19?
Used in place of speech when speech is absent or not functional
Alternative
The learning to read stage of literacy development occurs during early primary grades and focuses on these skills
Alphabet knowledge, recognizing words, fluent reading, and learning to read for comprehension
The largest contributing factor in intellectual disability, accounting for ~50% of cases
What is genetics?
Bilingualism characterized by exposure to one language from birth and another after age 3
What is sequential bilingualism?
True or false: boys are more likely to experience TBI than girls
True
Represent a word or concept and can be graphic, auditory, gestural, textured, or tactile
Symbols
Reading to learn starts in the later primary grades and focuses on these skills
more fluent reading, reading automaticity, and reading for comprehension
Approximately what percent of the population has an intellectual disability?
1-3%
Bilingualism characterized by exposure to two languages starting between 0-3 years
What is simultaneous bilingualism?
The leading cause of TBI in 0-14 year olds
What are falls?
Unaided forms of AAC include...
sign language, gestures, pointing, waving, shaking/nodding head, thumbs up/down
Ability to identify and manipulate phonemes; best early predictor of literacy outcomes
What is phonological awareness?
What are some diagnoses commonly associated with intellectual disability?
William's syndrome, Down syndrome, fragile x, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome
Term to describe how bilingual language input is split between languages
What is distributed exposure?
The second leading cause of TBI in 0-14 year olds
Aided forms of AAC include...
Pictures, switches, tablets, pen and paper, alphabet board
Ability to gain meaning from text and repair misunderstandings
What is reading comprehension?