Stages
Characteristics of Stage 1
Ages: 12-14 boys, 10-13 girls (Middle School!)
Physical: Growth spurt, puberty begins (later in boys), Due to rapid growth they struggle with body image
Emotional: Child-like, trouble with regulating emotions, emotional outbursts, most egocentric
Social: Peer groups have a heavy influence, social aspects are still mainly within the home, and dependent on their family
**More focused on PRESENT
What is the difference between Quantity, Quality, Relationship, and Manner?
Quality: Deals with Sincerity. Speaker only says what they believe to be true.
Relationship: Relevance, ability to stay on topic.
Manner: Clarity of response. Brief, short, and to the point responses.
When does persuasion discorse begin?
Begins in 3rd grade but does not fully develop until 7th-11th grade because they are unable to take the perspectives of others until then.
Characteristics of FASD (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder)
- unusal facial formation
- prematurity
- low birth weight
- malformation of heart, limbs, and palate
- DLD
- delayed intellectual development
Name deficits in Discourse
- violates rules of conversation
- does not request clarification when needed
- unorganized narratives= confused listeners
- impulsive
Characteristics of Stage 2
Age: 13-16 for boys & girls (Early Highschool!)
Physical: growth continues but no longer rapid, Hormones, large gap btwn boys and girls as boys are still going through puberty
girls = confident, boys = awkward
Emotional: Increased self doubt, self identification (Who am I?)
Social: Peer driven!!
Cognitive: rapid growth in abilities due to increase in curriculum, more independence but still very dependent on family
At what age do individuals obtain communication maturity and can transition between informal and formal language?
Age 13
What happens when children begin 3rd grade?
Children transition from learning to read to reading to learn.
Characteristics of FAE (Fetal Alcohol Exposure)
- Hyperactive
- Inattentive and Impulsive
- Delayed motor development
- Lack of attachment
Why is it important for adolescents to be on SLP's caseload?
- SLP's can offer more skills to the educational team that addresses the needs of incarcerated youth, and those at risk
- Regression once taken off caseload
- LARGE DEMAND in higher education (harder curriculum)
- Adolescents begin to show signs for the first time since the need for higher communication skills is needed for the verbal and social demands of higher education
Characteristics of Stage 3
Age: 16-20 (Late HS into College)
Physical: Fully mature, resembles an adult, physical strength continues
Emotional/Cognitive: Abstract and critical thinking, reasoning
Social: gaining more responsibilities and independence, Sexual intimacy increases, thinking more about their future, developing own thoughts, morals, and values
At what grade can students correct inept attempts to make others feel better?
9th grade
Why are adolescents under-recognized and neglected?
- emphasis on early childhood language
- lack of research
- misidentification/misdiagnosis
- children often dismissed after elementary school
Characteristics of FASD and FAE
- difficulty making transitions to new activities
- poor judgment
- inappropriate language use
- Sexual difficulties
- depression
- restlessness
Characteristics of TBI in Late Stage
Socio-Emotional-Behavioral: regression to rigid behavior, inability to consider alternate perspectives, loss of social network, sexual relations focused on physical aspects
Cognitive-Academic-Vocational: regression to rigid and concrete communication, loss of flexibility in communication, previous goals are inconsistent with current abilities, possible failure in college or job
At what stage does the future carry less importance?
Stage 1: 12-14 boys & 10-13 girls
3rd grade
Name metalinguistic deficits
- difficulty understanding formal language
- difficulty making listener judgements or understanding conversational cues
- difficulty understanding and using figurative language
- lack repair strategies
Academics of FASD and FAE
Difficulties:
- Listening and reading comprehensions
- Abstract thinking
- Memory
- Basic problem solving
Characteristics of TBI in Middle Stage
Socio-Emotional-Behavioral: Discontinuity of personal identification, breakdown in social grouping, rigid responses, experimentation and risk taking, hyper-egocentrism, poor social cues
Cognitive-Academic-Vocational: difficulty with increasingly demanding curriculum, inconsistency with vocational goals and potential, increasing academic failure due to new learning problems, difficulty with divergent thinking and problem solving
Characteristics and deficits of ADHD
Characteristics: short attention span, poor impulse control, mood changes, oral and written language disorders, poorly organized, executive function disorders
Deficits: difficulty using communication skills with people in situations, difficulty organizing and planning
What age uses more formal language with adults but also with peer groups, however; they do not use formal language with close friends?
Age 15
Name linguistic deficits
- difficulty following multistep directions (especially verbal)
- fragmented sentences that do not convey intended message
- does not understand jargon/slang which isolates them from peer groups
Communication of FASD and FAE
- poor pragmatics
- comprehending social language rules
- ineffective communication
- communication lacks substance, cohesion, meaning, and relevance
What is the discrepancy between boys and girls with ADHD?
Boys symptoms are more external and girls are more internal. This is why girls fall through the cracks.