Stuttering
type of disorder stuttering is
speech
TBIs occur from vehicle accidents
20%
What happens to the vocal folds when pitch is increased?
vibrate faster
How many syndromes are associated with clefts?
More than 400
Aphasia
language disorder
What percentage of words stuttered do listeners consider to be abnormal?
What is resonance?
Modification of sound by structures, sound quality, don’t produce sound
What is the incidence of babies are born with clefts
1 in 750 births
cranial nerves
12
On average what percentage of words do people with fluency disorders stutter?
10%
speech and language deficits from TBI
speech: dysarthria, ~33%
lang: impaired information processes, problem solving, reasoning
Do the resonating bodies (nose, mouth, and pharynx) produce sound to create resonance
no
Are clefts a normal part of development
Yes, in embryonic development, in normal development they fuse together
What is the prevalence of stuttering in the US?
1%
actions to overcome or cope w stuttering moment, first adopted to minimize stuttering or to distract/avoid instance. don't promote fluency
secondary behaviors of stuttering
assessment of tbi
must be ongoing, will vary based on stages of recovery
neurology, psychiatry, psychology, audiology (sometimes)
What is spasmodic dysphonia?
(laryngeal dystonia) is a disorder affecting the voice muscles in the larynx, also called the voice box. (might be causes by stress)
what is VPI
when the mechanism is incapable of separating the oral and nasal cavities during swallowing and speech production
Ratio of males/females in stuttering
3:1
therapy methods for children
Indirect- For beginning stutters, mild severity, not aimed at changing fluency, focus on environment factors
Direct- For kids stuttering ab 1yr, moderate-severe, aim to change speech, identify disfluency and manage
Goals-based on stage recovery
early stage: beginning responses to the environment in hospital - stabilization is over riding the goal
middle stage: reduce confusion and improve memory and goal-directed behavior
late-stage: client independence
What is a laryngectomy?
Partial or complete removal of the larynx leaves patient unable to make sound, can have hole in neck to cover, whisper speak, or burp talk
What does VPI have to do with cleft palate?
Failure of velum to close against the pharyngeal wall during speech in order to close nasal cavity, it causes hypernasality and audible nasal emissions
what therapy methods are used for adults
fluency shaping, stuttering modification