unit one
what are the labels for the x and y axis of a spectrogram?
X-axis its time and Y-axis is frequency
Name 2 roles of the larynx
vocalization, control the flow of air into and out lungs, prevent food/water/etc from entering the lungs, enable build-up of pressure for coughing and lifting heavy objects
What are the names of the three bones in the ossicles?
Stapes, malleus, incus
Frequency selectivity is important because it allows us to separate the individual ________ components of ______ sounds.
Frequency, complex
What are the elements required for a sound?
source of energy, a source of vibration, medium, and receiver
what are the major muscles of inspiration?
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
What are the two differences between the inner hair cells and the outer hair cells?
Inner hair cells act as sensory receptors, are not attached to the tectorial membrane, and have only 1 row.Outer hair cells act as a cochlear amplifier, are attached to the tectorial membrane, and are in three rows.
Describe the spectrogram of the vowel /i /
a low first-formant frequency with high second formant frequency
High pass filters allow _______ frequencies through.
higher
How does tongue height affect the first formant frequency?
What are three cues/indicators used to localize sound?
HRTF, ITD, ILD
Loudness, subjectively measured in ______ , is the psychological correlate of the objective property of vibrating systems ______.
phons,amplitude
Are sound waves transverse or longitudinal?
longitudinal
Is the "g" in Goat voiced or voiceless? What place of articulation?
Voiced and velar
A minimum audibility curve illustrates the ______ ______ required to detect a stimulus at different frequencies.
Sound levels
What is elasticity and how does it connect to the movement of the basal and apical ends of the basilar membrane?
Elasticity is the ability to resist change in shape. The basal end has more elasticity and vibrates at a higher frequency. The apical end has less elasticity and vibrates at lower freq.
The fundamental frequency (F0) of a complex sound is the _______ frequency.
lowest
The English "y" sound (IPA /j/) is a ______. (provide voiced/voiceless, place of articulation, and manner of articulation)
voiced and palate glide (or liquid)
Impedance matching as waves transfer into the cochlea happens because one of the four requirements of sound is getting changed. Which requirement is being altered?
the medium
Explain how two sounds could have the same intensity but different loudness.
Different frequencies require different intensities to be perceived as having equal loudness