Speech Sound Disorders
What is the purpose of completing a speech-language screening?
D. To determine if a comprehensive speech-language assessment is recommended
Matthew is a 3-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder. He exhibits difficulty with pragmatic aspects of language. Which of the following might be appropriate therapy targets for Matthew? (Select 2)
A. Establishing shared attention to meet communication goals
B. Understanding nonverbal communication
C. Naming common objects
D. Increasing mean length of utterance
A. Establishing shared attention to meet communication goals
B. Understanding nonverbal communication
Which of the following has been identified as the most common fluency disorder in children?
A. Stuttering
B. Cluttering
C. Anomia
D. Neurogenic mutism
A. Stuttering
Of the following choices, which would be the most effective strategy for preventing a laryngectomy?
A. Stopping caffeine consumption
B. Getting more exercise
C. Losing weight
D. Stopping smoking
D. Stopping smoking
What does the acronym SOAP represent in clinical documentation?
D. Subjective – Objective – Analysis/Assessment – Plan
Maria is an 8-year-old girl who comes to the SLP with a speech sound disorder. The SLP finds that she consistently distorts the /r/ sound in all contexts, but she does not demonstrate any other speech sound errors. Which of the following labels most accurately describes Maria’s speech sound disorder?
A. Phonological disorder
B. Childhood Apraxia of Speech
C. Articulation disorder
D. Dysarthria
C. Articulation disorder
An SLP is assessing the pragmatic language skills of a 7-year-old girl who uses African American English (AAE). The SLP wants to distinguish features of AAE from indicators of a possible pragmatic language disorder. Which of the following findings would most strongly suggest a pragmatic language disorder rather than a dialectal difference?
A. Use of double negatives when speaking with peers
B. Difficulty maintaining the topic of conversation, with abrupt shifts to unrelated subjects
C. Frequent use of affirmative interjections such as "mm-hmm" during conversation
D. Use of certain phonological features such as consonant cluster reduction when speaking with the SLP
B. Difficulty maintaining the topic of conversation, with abrupt shifts to unrelated subjects
Which of the following factors suggests a better prognosis for children who stutter?
A. Treatment based on only internal evidence
B. Younger age when treatment begins
C. Family history of stuttering
D. Associated motor behaviors
B. Younger age when treatment begins
The laryngopharynx and the oropharynx add resonance to sounds produced by the larynx. The nasopharynx adds noticeable resonance to which sounds?
A. /k, g, t, d/
B. /r, l, j/
C. /f, ʃ, s/
D. /m, n, ŋ/
D. /m, n, ŋ/
Which assessment task allows observation of a client’s control over speed and regularity of articulatory movements?
A. Maximum sustained vowel duration
B. Intelligibility testing
C. Syllables per second
D. Diadochokinetics
D. Diadochokinetics
Which of the following assessment tools will provide the most information on the presence or absence of difficulty with speech motor planning and programming in children?
A. Receptive language testing
B. Standardized articulation testing
C. Motor speech exam
D. Evaluation of phonemic awareness
C. Motor speech exam
Children with autism spectrum disorder demonstrate a wide range of language abilities, ranging from nonverbal to above-average vocabulary and grammatical skills. However, even children with autism who have average to above-average vocabulary and grammatical skills tend to show deficits in other areas of language. Which of the following is most likely to be an area of language deficit for a child with autism spectrum disorder who has average to above-average vocabulary and grammar?
A. Non-literal language: the child might have difficulty interpreting idioms, metaphors, and jokes
B. Phonological processing: the child might have difficulty with phonological awareness and memory, leading to poor reading skills
C. Word finding: the child might know the right word but have trouble retrieving it while speaking
D. Longer discourse: the child might have difficulty understanding long stories or informational passages
A. Non-literal language: the child might have difficulty interpreting idioms, metaphors, and jokes
Which of the following is a risk factor for persistent stuttering in a preschool-age child with disfluent speech?
A. The disfluencies include speech fillers such as “ummm” and “uh”
B. The child has experienced disfluent speech for 2–3 months
C. There is a family history of stuttering
D. The child’s disfluencies include whole-word repetitions
C. There is a family history of stuttering
A child presents with hypernasal speech and substitutions of glottal stops for many oral sounds. The SLP should first assess:
A. Velopharyngeal function
B. Laryngeal function
C. Respiratory function
D. Motor planning for speech
A. Velopharyngeal function
What is the most appropriate factor to consider first when completing an assessment for an augmentative and alternative communication device for a client?
A. Access options
B. Hardware preference
C. Grid size preference
D. Manufacturer preference
A. Access options
Which of the following is an example of the phonological process of fronting of velars?
The phonological process of fronting of velars occurs when a child substitutes an anterior phoneme for a velar phoneme. (any correct example of this)
t--k
d--g
Assessment of individuals with social communication impairments should occur in which of the following settings?
A. In the client’s natural environment
Which one of the following conditions would be MOST expected to co-occur with childhood onset of stuttering (fluency disorder)?
A. Severe-to-profound hearing loss
B. Velopharyngeal incompetence
C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D. Vocal polyps and/or nodules
C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
An SLP receives a referral for a child with reported hypernasality. During the oral structure and function examination, the SLP notes the following: zona pellucida, a bony notch in the posterior third of the hard palate, and a bifid uvula. What should the SLP recommend next?
A. Referral to a pediatric dentist for evaluation of alignment of molars
B. Referral to an ENT for possible diagnosis of submucous cleft
C. Speech therapy intervention for a speech sound disorder
D. Speech therapy intervention for oral motor disorder
B. Referral to an ENT for possible diagnosis of submucous cleft
An SLP is asked to assess Amy, a 4-year-old girl with challenging behaviors that are increasing in frequency. The SLP learns that Amy will attack her father when he asks Amy to do simple tasks like put her plate in the sink or pick up her toys. Amy also bites and pinches her parents when they try to help her make the transition from a desirable activity (e.g., playing in the park) to an activity that she does not want to do (e.g., get in the car to go home). Usually, adults leave Amy alone and let her have her own way after she attacks them. What is the functional purpose of Amy’s behaviors?
A. To release her anger
B. To obtain attention from adults
C. To escape from undesired activities
D. To inflict physical pain on others
C. To escape from undesired activities
During an assessment, a native Spanish-speaking child learning English produces the following errors: "sit" → "seat," "pick" → "peek," and "tin" → "teen." The SLP notes the child has no difficulty with vowels in Spanish. What is the most accurate interpretation of this error pattern?
B. The child is producing typical cross-linguistic transfer because /ɪ/ is not part of the Spanish vowel inventory
Consider this exchange between three 4-year-old children, TD, PK, and SB, in their preschool classroom: PK is painting a picture at a table. TD races around the classroom, pacing and darting from place to place. TD stops near PK, positions himself in close proximity to her, and touches her hand. PK continues painting without responding to TD. TD bolts and goes to the block center where he positions himself in close proximity to SB and touches his hand. SB continues playing with the blocks without responding to TD. TD bolts and goes to another area of the classroom. What unconventional social-communication strategy best explains the behavior of TD in this example?
D. Attention seeking
BottomLine
Children with pragmatic language challenges often demonstrate unconventional attention-seeking behaviors to initiate interactions or engage their peers.
BEST explanation of the demands and capacities model as related to stuttering?
BottomLine
The demands and capacities model indicates that stuttering results when environmental demands exceed the child’s combined capacities across language, motor skills, social-behavioral skills, and cognitive development.
strategies reduce the likelihood of vocal strain? (at least two correct)
A. Drinking adequate water
B. Avoiding drinking or smoking
C. Maintaining periods of vocal rest
A culturally sensitive assessment for a client who speaks a language other than English requires thoughtful planning and execution that would include which of the following? Give me at least two correct
A. Narrative assessment
B. Dynamic and flexible assessment
C. Multiple speech and language sample
BottomLine
Culturally sensitive assessment is a dynamic and flexible process that involves utilizing assessment materials in English as well as other languages spoken by the client, gathering multiple language samples, utilizing narrative assessment, modifying materials as needed, consulting with other professionals and possibly an interpreter, and sensitivity to cultural practices and values.