5 Perception + Motor Development
Grasping uses _ motor skills unlike reaching
What are fine motor skills? By coordinating fingers.
According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development typically occurs around 7-11 years?
What is concrete operational stage?
Sometimes young children fail problems, because they fail to add all information into their mental representation. This is a failure in ___.
What is encoding?
Stanford-Binet, WISC-IV, and Bayley Scales are examples of __ tradition of intelligence?
What is psychometrics?
Speech that is modified when directed to infants and children, to facilitate their attention and processing, is called __
What is infant-directed language? (Also, formerly known as motherese and colloquially as baby talk)
Children can sit alone at _ months and walk alone at _ months.
What is 6-7 months and 12 months, respectively. (accept answers within a month)
According to Vygotsky, Children transition from __ speech to __ speech as an intermediate step to direct themselves and their behaviors.
The ability to distinguish sounds in spoken words, core to reading skills, is ___
What is phonological awareness
__ intelligence is the ability to perceive relations between stimuli even if new, while __ intelligence is culturally influenced and accumulated knowledge
What are fluid and crystallized intelligence respectively?
When children understand the meaning of a new, unfamiliar word with the context of words around it, this is called ___.
What are sentence cues?
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) has three category symptoms which are: _, _, and _
What are hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity?
According to Piaget, ___ is when ideas are incorporated in existing theories/schemas, and __ is when theories/schemas are modified based on experience
What are assimilation and accommodation, respectively?
A child's informal understanding of memory is called __, a kind of __.
What are metamemory and metacognition respectively.
When awareness and prompts of stigma and stereotypes result in increased anxiety and worst testing performance, this is called __.
What is stereotype threat?
Babbling lacks semantic meaning but reveals the early acquisition of ___
Dynamic systems theory says that motor skills such as walking require both ___ of skills and ___ of skills.
In information processing theory, when a cognitive activity requires little or no effort as skills grow, it is a ___
What is an automatic process?
Two of the following: What are....
1. misconceptions about scientific phenomena
2. confounding variables (so causation can be not be attributed to one variable)
3. reaching conclusions prematurely, without enough evidence
4. difficult using data for theories, such as confirmation bias
What are (specific) learning disabilities?
At about ___ months, children experience a "naming explosion" in which they learn new words and especially object names at a higher rate per week.
What is around 18 months? (accept answers within a month)
The three networks for attentional processes are __, __, and __.
According to Vygotsky, the difference between what one can do alone versus with assistance is called __, and when a peer or teacher matches the amount of support they are practicing ___
What are the zone of proximal development ZPD and scaffolding, respectively?
Two memory strategies are __, which involves __, and ___, which involves __.
1. What is rehearsal, when information is repeated to be remembered
2. What is organization, when related information is connected
3. What is elaboration, when more information is added to make it more memorable
The three parts of sternberg's successful intelligence that interact to create intelligence adapted to goals and context are __, __, and __
What are analytic ability, creative ability, and practical ability?
Four distinct subsystems of the study of language are __ (the sound of language), __ (literal meanings of language), __ (the rules of grammar), and __ (functions for effective communication in social context)
What are phonology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics, in that order?