Therapeutic Effects
Patient Teaching
Side Effects
Nursing Considerations
Hodge-Podge
100
Tranylcypromine is in the (____) category of antidepressants, but could cause potentially a fatal adverse reaction called (____________ ______) when combined with foods high in tyramine.
Tip: TTT, Tyra Banks in Maui
What is MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)?
What is Hypertensive Crisis?
Tip: Tranylcypromine + Tyramine = Tense
Tip #2: "Tyra Banks in Maui"
Tip #3 "TYRA"nycypromine --> Tyra Banks --> MAOI
100
Patient Teaching: Avoid alcohol, opiates, and other CNS depressants on this anxiolytic benzodiazepine
What is diazepam/Valium?
100
Perphenazine, like other conventional antipsychotics, can have this kind of progressive neurologic side effects.
Tip: "Muscle --> Rustle --> Hustle"
What are extrapyramidal reactions?
Acute Dystonia --> "Muscle" (4 hours)
Akathisia --> "Rustle" (4 days)
Akinesia --> "Hustle" (4 weeks)
100
Escitalopram is also known as Lexapro. Always take (____) category of antidepressant medication in the morning and with food to avoid nausea and GI upset.
What is an SSRI?
100
The best clinical instructor of all time
Who is Judy Ward?
200
This medication is used for patients with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) to increase motor activity, mental alertness, and attention span
What is Adderall
200
Selegine (Rx), an Antiparkinson agent. Used to treat medication-induced Parkinson's. Patients taking this drug see great Parkinson's improvement and with that, mood increases greatly. What is an critical patient teaching point?
What is SUICIDAL IDEATION.
As with other drugs that improve mood. Suicidal tendencies occur among those suffering from mental illness, when mood and energy improve.
In the case of a person suffering from medication-induced Parkinson's. When taking this drug, the "shaking" decreases, thus increasing mood (think how now that they have "free-er" ROM allowing them to PHYSICALLY harm themselves).
200
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril), an antiemetic/histamine-antagonist, it is used to treat anxiety/agitation. One of the main side effects is SEDATION what is the highest priority about this side effect?
What are FALLS & SEDATION PRECAUTIONS!!
- Teach patients to NOT drive or operate machinery while on this medication.
- If in unit, initiate fall precaution protocols.
- Because of its sedative effects, instruct patients to not drink alcohol (or other sedatives) with this medication.
200
This medication is given for a chlordiazepoxide (Librium) toxicity/overdose
Flumazenil
-It reverses sedation caused by chlordiazepoxide toxicity or overdose. (Flumazenil may induce seizures in patients with a history of seizure disorder or who are on tricyclic antidepressants)
200
Unlike other recreational drugs, ( ) generally does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behaviors, or physical dependence to the drug.
LSD - lysergic acid diethylamide
300
Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second generation Antipsychotic medication. The recommended dose for adults is 40mg/qDaily, has few contraindications, and is well tolerated. Name its therapeutic effect?
What is the treatment for SCHIZOPHRENIA (one, of the treatments)
300
A teaching point for taking mirtazapine (Remeron) orally disintegrating tablets
-Mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets must remain in their original packaging.
-Open the package with clean dry hands before each dose.
-Do not try to put tablets in a pillbox if you take the orally disintegrating tablets.
-The tablets will dissolve in your mouth within seconds and can be swallowed with or without liquid.
300
Common side effects of taking phenelzine (Nardil)
The most common side effects are:
- Sedation
- Dry mouth
- Weight gain
- Decreased blood pressure (hypotension)
- Headache
- Constipation
- Sexual dysfunction
- Blurred vision
- Urinary retention
Rare (Elevated sodium levels, Liver dysfunction, Skin rash, Seizures, Hypertensive crisis; especially if low tyramine diet is not followed, Serotonin Syndrome)
300
A common side effect of Valproic acid (Depakote), an antimanic/anticonvulsant medication, is drowsiness and dizziness. It is important to let the client know to avoid ( ) or ( ) dangerous machinery.
DRIVING
OPERATING
300
This is an abused substance that is sometimes used for suppression of nausea and vomiting or increased appetite in patient with AIDS.
Marijuana/ Dronabinol (THC)
400
Classification of the medication asenapine (Saphris)
Antipscycotic.
-More specifically it is a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) or atypical antipsychotic.
-Asenapine is a medication that works in the brain to treat schizophrenia. Asenapine rebalances dopamine and serotonin to improve thinking, mood, and behavior.
400
Duloxetine (Cymbalta) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ( ) and is commonly used to treat depression. It is important to know that concurrent use with ( ) can result in serious, sometimes fatal, effects resembling NMS. It is important to let the patient know that therapeutic effects may not be seen for as long as ( ).
Classification: ANTIDEPRESSANT
First class of antidepressants: MAOIs
Time for therapeutic effects: 4 weeks
400
Zolpidem tartrate (Ambien) is an anxiolytic medication that is used to treat insomnia. The mechanism of action is to bind to GABA receptors in the CNS, causing inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. This medication can cause many side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and physical/psychological dependence. It can also cause ( ) thinking and behavioral changes, which can lead to ( ) ideation.
ABNORMAL
SUICIDAL
400
For a schizophrenic patient taking Aripiprazole (Abilify) it is important to inform the patient that full (therapeutic) effects may take up to ( ) weeks due to the half-life of aripiprazole.
TWO
400
The third element on the periodic table.
What is LITHIUM!
Lithium is a medication used to treat acute mania, and is also a maintenance drug therapy used to treat patients with bipolar disorders.
Lithium is a drug that requires multiple lab values, such as lithium levels, hepatic and renal function labs, etc.
Lithium is a drug in which the nurse have to closely observe for signs of lithium toxicity and patient requires extensive teaching about the relationship of lithium and sodium, as sodium is related to the levels of lithium and rapid losses of sodium may lead to toxicity.
500
Aripiprazole (Abilify) is an ( ) medication and is used to treat symptoms associated with disorders such as ( ) or ( ).
Classification: ANTIPSYCHOTIC
Disorders: BIPOLAR / SCHIZOPHRENIA
500
When is NOT okay to strenuously work-out while taking which medication and why?
What is Lithium.
When taking lithium, strenuous work out may be contraindicated. When working out for long periods of time, excessive sweating may lead to excessive loss of sodium (in sweat). High losses of sodium, may lead to Lithium Toxicity.
Hint-1: Lithium levels:
Acute Mania: 0.5 - 1.2 mEq/L
Maintenance: 0.6 - 1.0 mEq/L
Toxic Levels: >1.5 (may see early signs of intoxication: marked tremor, N&V, diarrhea, vertigo, blurred vision, confusion)
Hint-2: This is also true when a patient has diarrhea and vomiting, the excessive loss of fluids may lead into electrolyte imbalances (sodium is key!!) which may lead to Lithium toxicity.
Hint-3: Teach patient to eat adequate amounts of food containing sodium.
Hint-4: If in unit, this patient will have strict I&O's
500
LSD is a synthetic crystalline compound, lysergic acid diethylamide, that is a potent substance. One of the major side effects or "experience" when taking this medication is visual ( ). Other effects include "blending of the sense" such as "seeing" ( ) or "hearing" ( ).
HALLUCINATION
SOUNDS / COLORS
500
A patient taking LSD can experience intense hallucinations that could cause a potential injury. It is important for the nurse to ensure ( ) for the patient, as well as those immediately caring for the patient.
SAFETY
500
Name this drug and at least 3-well known facts.
What is HEROIN!
- Heroin is a highly addictive drug that is processed from morphine, which is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of the Asian opium poppy plant.
- Heroin can be injected, snorted/sniffed, or smoked. It is highly addictive and enters the brain very quickly. Contrary to popular opinion, all three methods can lead to addiction and other severe health problems.
- Heroin was initially created to treat Tuberculosis!
- Heroin welcomes all (users are from all walks of life)
- The US is currently experiencing a major heroin epidemic. Even police officers are getting trained on the use of Narcan (dose antidote).