Culinary Foundation
Which chef is credited with modernizing French cuisine?
Auguste Escoffier
Which metal is a particularly good conductor of heat?
Copper.
What browning process occurs when sugars are cooked?
Caramelization.
What are the USDA grades for poultry?
Grades A, B, and C.
What are the pictured proportions for one pound of mirepoix?
8 ounces onion, 4 ounces carrot,
and 4 ounces celery: a 2:1:1 ratio by weight.
What does brigade mean in a professional kitchen?
The organized hierarchy of kitchen jobs and
responsibilities.
What is the standard breading order?
Flour, egg wash, then crumbs.
What happens to proteins as they cook and set?
Coagulation.
What is foie gras?
The fattened liver of a duck or goose.
What is a court bouillon generally used for?
Poaching fish or other delicate foods.
What are food miles?
The distance food travels from its place of production to the food-service
establishment.
How does blanching differ from parboiling?
Blanching briefly cooks food, often followed by rapid
cooling. Parboiling partially cooks food in boiling liquid before another cooking step and generally takes
longer.
What transfers heat through circulating liquid or gas?
Convection.
Why might a kitchen buy whole poultry?
It can be easier to fabricate for the kitchen's needs and may
provide useful parts for several preparations. Compare yield, labor, and price when choosing.
How does brown stock differ from white stock?
Brown stock uses browned bones and usually
browned aromatic vegetables; white stock uses bones that have not been browned. Both are generally
simmered.
How can food scraps and organic matter be recycled?
Composting.
Which listed tool uses microwaves to heat food?
A microwave oven. The exam describes this as
heating “from the inside”; that phrase is an oversimplification.
What transfers heat by direct contact?
Conduction
What is the most reliable way to check whole roasted poultry for doneness?
Measure its internal
temperature with a thermometer, rather than relying on the appearance of juices.
How do you improve stock clarity during preparation?
Skim off impurities and fat as the stock
gently simmers; avoid a rolling boil.
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
A plant, animal, or other organism whose genetic
material has been changed through genetic engineering to produce an inherited trait.
How is an instant-read thermometer correctly checked using an ice bath?
Place the probe in a
properly prepared ice-water slurry without touching the container and check for a reading near 32°F; adjust or
account for any offset according to the instrument's instructions.
What transfers heat by waves?
Radiation
What is air chilling?
Cooling poultry carcasses with cold circulating air after slaughter.
What is it called when liquid loosens cooked-on juices from a roasting pan?
Deglazing.