Valuation
Subcategories/Examples
Protections
Issues
Future Considerations
100
Measuring the prices to pay vs. the benefits gained
Cost Benefit Analysis
100
Because it holds meaning for the community and current/future generations
Heritage
100
What may be a reason that some societies, cultures, countries, populations, place less emphasis on cultural ecosystem services? Specifically, poorer populations.
Socioeconomic issues, food/water insecurity, civil wars, and other pressing needs.
100
Why might using CBA to value cultural ecosystem services be an issue?
Cannot determine monetary values; these values are subject to opinions and cannot account for future generations that may place more/less value on services
100
What would be a good way to conserve/ protect cultural (or all) ecosystem services in the future?
Include these services in regulatory policies and management policies. Think RIA (regulatory impact assessments)
200

How a direct price tag is put on a cultural service. This is the reason why a house may cost more.

Real estate
200
Because it makes us feel connected to something
Spiritual
200
What may be a reason that more affluent and industrialized nations place less emphasis on cultural ecosystem services?
Building dams, solar farms, coal plants, and other advances in science and technology
200
What might too much emphasis on cultural ecosystem services interfere with?

Protection/conservation of other ecosystem services; there is always a tradeoff

200
How can cultural ecosystem services contribute to human health?
Public health and human well-being through mental, emotional, and physical means. Especially a better understanding of nature
300
The law that valued "fishable and swimmable" waters
CWA 1972
300
Because we can do fun activities outdoors
Recreation/Ecotourism
300
How does Ducks Unlimited help maintain cultural ecosystem services (indirectly here)
Protect wetlands to conserve ducks, geese, and other game birds for recreational hunting sports
300
Give an example of how a cultural ecosystem service is connected to another ecosystem service (regulating, provisioning, supporting)

Possible: densely vegetated areas take in much CO2, they also look very appealing.

Possible: the land provides food (pollination, water cycling, etc.), and farming is relaxing and allows a person to feel more connected to the earth

300
How would human appreciation for cultural (all) ecosystem services reciprocate benefits back to the Earth?
By increasing environmental stewardship and better management policies
400
Certain locations are protected for tourism and conservation through these US programs
National Park Service, Wildlife Refuges, National Monuments
400
Because we can learn from Nature
Information
400
How does an increasing membership of the National Audubon Society (and state audubon societies) help protect cultural services?
Raises value of birds and encourages protections of birds for future birders to continue enjoyment and increase valuation of nature; therefore deepening understanding of nature and animals
400
What issues may ecotourism raise?
degradation, poaching, introducing invasive species
400
What is an uber-optimistic view of how cultural ecosystem services can aid humanity and the Earth?
By reconnecting us with Nature again
500
Why are cultural ecosystem services usually so difficult to value?
Intangibility
500
We can recharge, let go, feel free and empty our minds
Mental/Emotional
500

What two criteria does The International Ecotourism Society dictate that ecotourism do?

Not harm the environment & benefit local economies
500
What is a main issue with the CWA of 1972?

Only protects fishable and swimmable waters

Protects "navigatable waters"

500
Pick a UN Sustainability Goal and explain how cultural ecosystem services are related to this goal.

Possible: Good Health and Well-Being- humans can benefit mentally, emotionally, and physically outdoors

Possible: Responsible Consumption: humans can learn from environments and work with other ecosystem services and reduce materialism

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