Iranian Revolution
Who is Ayatollah Khomeini and what did he do?
a key figure in the Iranian Revolution and the first Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He led the movement to overthrow the pro-Western Shah of Iran in 1979 and established the Islamic Republic, which he ruled for life.
Who was Kemal Atatürk and what role did he play in the history of Türkiye?
He was a secular nationalist who believed that all the inheritance of the Ottoman Empire should be abandoned and Turkey should be transformed into a modern European state.
Who is Mao Zedong?
Mao Zedong was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China in 1949 and led the country from its establishment until his death in 1976
define modernization
the transformation from a traditional and rural society to a secular, urban and industrial society
During the Chinese Civil War, which group did the majority of the peasants support?
CCP (Communist Party)
Where is Iran located?
The Middle East
List three major reforms implemented by Atatürk in Türkiye.
The adoption of the Latin Alphabet
Equal rights for Women
Created a secular government
What were the two main factions involved in the Chinese Civil War?
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang)
define urbanization
the process of king an area more city-like
What was the Great Leap forward?
The Great Leap Forward was a campaign in China from 1958 to 1962, led by the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong. Its goal was to change China from an agricultural society to an industrialized one by creating people's communes.
As a result of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Iran’s government changed from a monarchy to a __________
theocracy
Who were the Young Turks?
wanted to modernize the empire and turn it into a democratic state
What led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China?
After winning the Chinese Civil War against Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang (Nationalist) forces, Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949, following Chiang's retreat to Taiwan.
define westernization
the process of adopting or being influenced by the cultural, economic, or political systems of Europe and North America
True or False... Ayatollah Khomeini was pro-Western
False
Why do you think people in 1979 Iran called for an Islamic Republic instead of a monarchy?
backlash opposing the westernization and corruption of the Shah
Who was Atatürk's successor?
İnönü
How did Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China gain, consolidate, and maintain power?
He helped establish the Chinese Red Army, and developed a strategy of guerilla warfare. In 1935, Mao became leader of the CCP during the Long March, a military retreat to the Yan'an Soviet in Shaanxi, where it began rebuilding its forces.
define secular
nonreligious
On the eve of WWI, the Ottoman Empire referred to as the ______________
“Sick Man of Europe”
Why did many Iranian's feel negatively about the USA prior to the revolution?
The USA made efforts (through the CIA) to keep the corrupt Shah, who was exploiting his people, in power.
identify Kemal Atatürk’s point of view concerning westernization in Turkey
Kemal Atatürk supported westernization in Turkey. He wanted to make the country more like European countries by making it more secular. For example, he took Islam out of the education system and granted women more rights. In addition, he required that women no longer wear head coverings and instead encouraged people to dress like Europeans.
How were the policies of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping similar and how were they different?
Mao Zedong advocated for rapid industrialization through the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution to transform China into a communist society, while his Deng Xiaoping implemented the "Four Modernizations" and opened China to foreign investment and market reforms.
define theocracy
a type of government that is based on a religion
What effect did the Sino-Japanese War, the Opium Wars, and the Boxer rebellion have on the Qing Dynasty?
They led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty because the people felt a lack of trust in their government and like they had lost the Mandate of Heaven.