ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION
"Full-service" ad agencies were first established during this period.
What is the turn of the 20th century?
What is: to consume more?
Who is Guy Debord?
In the 1960s, tobacco companies started marketing this kind of cigarette specifically to Black communities.
What are menthol cigarettes?
This is the name of Don Draper's wife in Mad Men.
Who is Betty Draper?
This is how Raymond Williams defines modern advertising.
What is: as "an institutionalized system of commercial information and persuasion"?
Who was Edward Bernays?
The Kendal Jenner Pepsi commercial recuperated this.
What are symbols of protest associated with Black Lives Matter and other civil rights movements?
What are: the "happy housewife" and the "sexual sell"?
This English term, widely used in the 18th and 19th centuries, reflects public perceptions of advertising as intrusive and dubious in its claims.
What is "puffery"?
Raymond Williams connects the institutionalization of modern advertising to the rise of this kind of capitalism.
What is "monopoly capitalism"? (Or American corporate capitalism).
In the early 20th century, businessmen argued that working class labourers needed to be made into consumers for THIS reason.
Because consumption need to keep up with accelerated industrial production (bourgeois markets were already saturated).
The now-iconic Apple commercial discussed in "Art & Copy" captures the imagery of anti-capitalist revolt, referencing this classic dystopian novel.
What is George Orwell's 1984?
Rather than espousing strategies of "consumer engineering," target marketing prioritizes this goal, which emphasizes the importance of creating advertising that feels personally relevant to your chosen market segment.
What is consumer RESONANCE?
Buying Moon Juice "Super You" supplements as a means to cope with anxieties about aging, in a time of increasing political turmoil and climate change, is an example of this.
What is a magical belief / practice?
In the 18th century advertising revenue was welcomed by many newspaper printers for this reason.
What is: because it freed the press from political subsidy (and censorship)?
This strategy encourages consumers to replace items that are still functional, by making older products seem less fashionable or 'trendy'.
What is aesthetic obsolescence?
This is the term given to a set of shifts within the advertising industry that occurred in the 1960s, and reconfiguring agency power dynamics and leading to new approaches to advertising creation.
What is the "Creative Revolution"?
As learned in "Black Lives / Black Lungs," tobacco companies used this kind of media to target their advertising to Black communities.
What is television advertising?
This economic ideology promotes free markets, individual responsibility, and limited government intervention, often framing systemic inequalities as the result of personal merit and success.
What is neoliberalism?
Since the early modern period, critics of advertising have often focussed on its perceived intrusion into this.
What is the public sphere? (Spaces of democratic discourse and debate).
In "A Brief History of Consumer Culture," Kerryn Higgs explores how this cultural value, once associated with prudence and saving, was gradually undermined by consumer capitalism, encouraging people to spend rather than save.
What is thrift?
In co-opting and re-signifying countercultural symbols, capitalist recuperation has this political effect.
What is: it trivializes and neutralizes revolutionary potential?
Beyond its negative impacts on Asian American communities, the "model minority myth" has this broader social effect.
What is: it suggests that racial inequalities can be overcome by hard work and inherent intelligence, minimizing the role systemic racism plays in the persistent struggles of other racial/ethnic minority groups — especially black Americans.
This is a ceremonial exchange system practiced by the Trobriand Islanders, where individuals trade valued objects, such as shell necklaces and armbands, in a ritualized manner that strengthens social ties and status rather than focusing on profit.
What is Kula? (Kula ring oe Kula exchange)