Research Methods
Independent Variable
A variable in an experiment or study that is manipulated or changed by the researcher. It is called "independent" because its variation does not depend on other variables in the study.
The _______ contains the nucleus of the neuron and other organelles necessary for its function. It integrates incoming signals from other neurons and determines whether the neuron will fire an action potential.
Soma; cell body
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it.
Operant conditioning
A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged stress or overwork.
Burnout
Name four attachment styles.
Disorganized
Anxious Avoidant
Anxious Ambivalent
Secure
What is a dependent variable?
A variable in an experiment or study that is measured or observed to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable. The dependent variable is called "dependent" because its value depends on the changes made to the independent variable.
Dendrites are thin, branching extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.
Dendrites
When a favorable consequence (or reward) is provided to increase a desired behavior.
Positive Reinforcement
Name two sources of stress
Significant life changes; daily hassles and social stress
Learning that involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a response, leading to the neutral stimulus eliciting the same response.
Classical conditioning
A group in an experiment that serves as a standard of comparison and is not subjected to manipulation of the independent variable.
Control Group
Synaptic vesicles contain _______.
Neurotransmitters
When something unwanted is removed to increase a desired behavior.
Negative reinforcement
As compared to men, women are more likely to _____ under stressful circumstances.
A. Engage in confrontive coping
B. Seek out social support
C. Exercise
B. Seek out social support
According to __________, memory involves the sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory.
The Stage Model of Memory
In an experiment that examines the effectiveness of an antianxiety drug, participants are randomly assigned to two groups. The group that receives the antianxiety drug being examined is called the ______ group.
experimental group or treatment group
A fatty substance that wraps around the axon of some neurons and helps speed up the transmission of signals.
Myelin sheath
When something favorable is removed in order to decrease and undesirable behavior.
Negative punishment
Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with a stressor is called
Problem-focussed coping
Name two of the six behaviors that encourage self-actualization?
Make growth choices, be honest, situationally position yourself for peak experiences, give up defensiveness, let the self emerge, be open to experience
Provide an original example of both an independent and dependent variable.
Correct examples
_______ are branches on one end of a neuron that contain synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters. When an action potential reaches the these branches, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells.
Axon terminal
Provide an example of positive punishment.
A correct example.
Aimee has agoraphobia and avoids large crowds. This avoidance is an example of what type of coping?
Emotion-focussed coping
List the different levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization, (Not necessary but: self-transcendence).