Intro to Chem
This is anything that has mass and takes up space.
→ What is matter?
This particle has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus.
What is a proton?
This type of radiation has the shortest wavelength.
What are gamma rays?
This type of bond involves transfer of electrons.
What is an ionic bond?
This theory explains bonding as overlap of orbitals.
What is Valence Bond Theory?
Using the conversion factor 1 km = 10^3 m, convert 5.0 km to meters.
What is 5000 m?
This law states matter cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Using c = wavelength × frequency, describe the relationship between wavelength and frequency.
What is inverse?
Name the compound Na2SO4.
What is sodium sulfate?
What hybridization corresponds to tetrahedral geometry?
What is sp3?
Using the formula C = (F − 32) × (5/9), convert 68°F to °C.
What is 20°C?
calculate moles in 12.0 g of carbon
What is about 1.00 mol?
Write the electron configuration for oxygen using Aufbau, Hund’s Rule, and Pauli.
What is 1s2 2s2 2p4?
Draw or describe the Lewis structure of CO2 following the octet rule.
What is O=C=O?
How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond?
What is 1 sigma and 1 pi?
Write 0.00045 in the form a × 10^n
What is 4.5 × 10^-4?
Write the isotope symbol for an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons.
What is 1735Cl?
How many orbitals exist in a p subshell?
What is 3?
calculate the formal charge on N in NH3.
What is 0?
What hybridization is found in a triple bond?
What is sp?
How many sig figs are in 0.02030?
What is 4 significant figures?
calculate molar mass of Ca(NO3)2
What is about 164.10 g/mol?
Using periodic trends, which has the larger atomic radius: Na or Cl?
What is Na?
Using VSEPR, determine the molecular and electron geometry of H2O.
What is bent and tetrahedral?
Using orbital overlap concepts, why are pi bonds weaker than sigma bonds?
What is pi bonds form from side-by-side overlap, which is less direct and less effective than the head-on overlap that forms sigma bonds, so pi bonds are generally weaker?
Two measurements are 12.30 g and 12.31 g.What does this indicate?
What is high precision?
determine the empirical formula for 40.0% C, 6.7% H, 53.3% O.
What is CH2O?
Using the Pauli Exclusion Principle, what restriction applies to electrons?
What is no two electrons have the same four quantum numbers?
CO2 has polar bonds but dipoles cancel and overall make it NP. NH3 has polar ponds and a lone pair on the N so it is Polar.
Using bond order = (bonding − antibonding)/2, determine bond order of O2.
What is 2, because O2 has 8 electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and 4 electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals, so bond order = (8 − 4)/2 = 2?
Convert 2.50 g/mL to kg/L.
What is 2.50 kg/L?
Mass spectrometry measures isotopes and their relative abundance. What quantity does this allow us to calculate?
What is atomic mass?
Using effective nuclear charge, explain increasing ionization energy across a period.
What is stronger nuclear attraction to electrons?
Describe the lewis structures for SF6, PCl5, and BH3
SF6 - expanded octet
PCl5 - expanded octet
BH3 - Incomplete octet
Using molecular orbital theory, explain why O2 is paramagnetic.
What is O2 is paramagnetic because it has unpaired electrons in its antibonding pi-star molecular orbitals, and unpaired electrons are attracted to a magnetic field?
calculate density for a metal with mass 45.6 g and volume 5.70 mL
What is 8.00 g/mL
Calcium with a mass of 42 amu, and a charge of 3+ would have how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?
P - 20
E - 17
N - 22
Using quantum numbers (n = 3, l = 2), identify the subshell and number of orbitals.
What is 3d and 5 orbitals?
What determines whether something dissolves in water?
Polarity
Compare Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory.
What is Valence Bond Theory describes bonds as localized overlaps between atomic orbitals on two bonded atoms, while Molecular Orbital Theory describes electrons as occupying molecular orbitals that extend over the entire molecule, making the bonding more delocalized?