Food
What foods are high in iron?
Beef, liver, poultry, red meats, whole grains, spinach, leafy greens, molasses, dried fruits (raisins, figs)
When should women start getting screened for cancer? Average risk, high risk
Average: start 40-44 and then every year do mammograms
High: start at 30 doing MRI and mammograms yearly
What are the antidotes for Warfarin and Heparin?
Warfarin: vitamin K
Heparin: protamine sulfate
When should you monitor vital signs for blood transfusions?
On average, how many miles does a nurse walk in a 12 hours shift?
4-5 miles
What foods are high in phosphorous?
dariy: milk cheese
nuts and seeds
dried beans or lentils
meats
brain cereal, beer or cola, chocolate
When should you screen for prostate cancer? Average and High risk, very high risk
Average: 50
high: 45
Very high: 40
You start a heparin drip, and then you realize that platelets have decreased 30-50% below the baseline in the last 4-14 days. What should you do? What do you not want to do?
1. stop heparin products
2. Do not do platelet transfusions as it can increase risk of thrombosis
HIT: you have created antibodies to the heparin and using your platelets to destroy the heparin. so you have more platelets out in the bloodstream.
At what rate should you infuse blood during the first 15 min of the blood tranfusion? How fast should it go set after the first 15 min?
2ml/min or 120mL/hr
have it to finish within 4 hours of starting
On average, how many miles of blood vessels does the human body have?
60,000 miles
What foods are high in vitamin C?
citrus, strawberry, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, spinach, Brussels sprouts, broccoli
Someone comes into the ER with a fever of 100.4 and has neutropenia. What do you do?
Give broad-spectrum antibitoics within the hour, then give IV fluids and do a blood culture to do a more specific narrow-spectrum antibiotic
A patient has an INR of 6 and needs to have emergency surgery. What does the nurse anticipate administering before lowering INR?
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Naloxone
D. cyancobalamine
E. fresh forzen plasma
A and E
What are the common s/s of a transfusion reaction?
Temperature increases greater than or equal to 1.8F or 1C
chills, hives, flushing, itching, angioedema, respiratory (wheezing, dyspnea, crackles, SpO2 less than 90), restlessness, anxiety, unexpected drop in BP or HR, tachycardia, pain in chest, hematuria
What latin word does "muscle" come from?
"mus" which means "little mouth"
What foods are high in Vitamin B12?
dairy liver, eggs, red meats
What do you do if someone has a sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis?
1. VS and O2
2. supplemental O2 above 94%
3. IV fluids to decrease blood thickness
4. PCA opioids- within 30 min
5. CBC to see if PRBC is needed
6. Heparin to prevent DVT or PE
7. antibiotics if they have s/s of cute chest syndrome
What lab results evaluate the effectiveness of Warfarin? Heparin? what ranges do you want these to be in?
Warfarin: INR (standardized PT):
0.8-1.1 for people not taking anticoagulants
2-3 for people taking anticoagulants
2.5-4.5 for mechanical heart valves
Heparin. monitor aPTT. this should be 1.5-2x therapeutic range
A patient experiences hypotension, fever, frothy sputum, hypoxia within 6 hours of a blood transfusion. What should you do?
supplemental O2 and corticosteroids
This is transfusion-related acute lung injury: donor blood reacts with neutrophils in patient's vasculature, causing injury
Which finger nails grows the fastest?
The middle finger
What foods are high in Tyramine?
aged foods, smoked meats, some cheeses, chocolate, beer
What are some nursing interventions for someone who has neutropenia?
1. take temperature every 4 hours
2. monitor for s/s of infection (Sepsis): tachycardia, hypotension, decrease O2 sat
3. hand hygiene and proper PPE
4. perform full body assessment, looking for any things that could indicate infection or cause infection like at IV sites
4. avoid raw fruits and veggies, undercooked meats, soft cheeses, faw nuts.
5. Avoid construction sites, large crowds, and lots of visitors
10-20,000
50,000
What should you do if someone is experiencing the s/s of a transfusion reaction?
STOP IT!
Your brain creates electricity when it runs. If you combined all of the electricity it generates, what could it power?
A small LED lightbulb