Ottoman Empire
This title was used by Ottoman rulers who held supreme political and military authority.
Sultan
This Ming admiral led enormous naval expeditions during the reign of the Yongle Emperor.
Zheng He
King Afonso I ruled this Central African kingdom and protested the unauthorized enslavement of his subjects.
Kongo
This large sailing ship carried goods and valuable silver across oceans for the Spanish Empire.
Galleon
This period of Japanese history was marked by civil wars and competing military leaders before Tokugawa unification.
Sengoku / Warring States Period
These Muslim frontier warriors helped the early Ottoman Empire expand through conquest.
Ghazis
This Ming tax reform combined several taxes and labor obligations into payments increasingly made in silver.
Single-Whip Tax System
These independent communities were established by people who escaped slavery in the Americas.
Maroon Societies
This Portuguese permit was required for many ships trading in parts of the Indian Ocean.
Cartaz
This religious tradition developed in Cuba through the blending of Yoruba-derived African beliefs and Catholic practices.
Santería
This Ottoman system recruited Christian boys, some of whom became elite Janissary soldiers.
Devshirme System
This Qing trade policy restricted European merchants primarily to Guangzhou and authorized Chinese merchants.
Canton System
This queen of Ndongo used diplomacy, military resistance, and alliances to challenge Portuguese expansion.
Queen Nzinga
This economic philosophy encouraged European governments to increase national wealth through favorable trade and control of resources.
Mercantilism
One system required rotating labor for the Inca state, while the other granted Spanish colonists claims to Indigenous labor or tribute. Name both systems
Mita- Inca State
Encomienda System- granted labor
At this 1514 battle, Ottoman cannons and firearms helped defeat Safavid cavalry.
Battle of Chaldiran
One treaty established a negotiated border with Russia in 1689; the other forced China to make concessions to Britain in 1842. Name both.
Treaty of Nerchinsk- Border with Russia
Treaty of Nanjing- Concession to Britain
This 1680 uprising in present-day New Mexico challenged Spanish forced labor demands and restrictions on Indigenous religious practices.
Pueblo Revolt
This precious metal flowed into Ming China from Japan and the Americas, becoming increasingly important for taxation.
Silver
One religion developed in Haiti through African and Christian traditions; another emerged in Jamaica emphasizing African heritage and identity. Name both.
Vodou- Haiti
Rastafari- Jamaica
This Ottoman government system allowed recognized religious communities to manage many internal affairs while remaining under imperial authority.
Millet System
The Ming relied on Confucian-educated officials, while the Qing retained that bureaucracy but added Manchu military authority through this system.
Banner System
This Indigenous leader organized a major rebellion in 1780 against Spanish colonial exploitation, oppressive taxes, and forced labor in Peru.
Túpac Amaru II
This European empire expanded commerce through the VOC, unlike Spain, which gained enormous wealth from American silver mines.
Dutch Empire / Netherlands
British representatives resisted performing this traditional act of submission to the Qing emperor because they considered their monarch equal.
Kowtow