Hypertension & JNC Guidelines
First-line antihypertensive classes recommended for Black adults without CKD per JNC guidelines.
What are thiazide diuretics or calcium channel blockers?
The diuretic class is commonly used as a first-line for hypertension.
What are thiazide diuretics?
The receptor primarily blocked by cardioselective beta blockers.
What is beta-1?
The calcium channel blocker subclass primarily causing vasodilation.
What are dihydropyridines?
The lab value used to stage chronic kidney disease.
What is eGFR?
The hormone deficient in anemia of chronic kidney disease.
What is erythropoietin?
The condition that overrides race-based antihypertensive selection.
What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
A common electrolyte abnormality caused by thiazide diuretics.
What is hypokalemia?
A cardioselective beta blocker commonly used in hypertension and heart failure.
What is metoprolol?
A common adverse effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.
What is peripheral edema?
The electrolyte most closely monitored in patients on ACE inhibitors.
What is potassium?
A medication class used to stimulate red blood cell production in CKD.
What are erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)?
The expected blood pressure response when treating hypertension with monotherapy.
What is partial BP reduction, often requiring combination therapy?
The diuretic class most effective for volume overload in heart failure.
What are loop diuretics?
The beta blocker that also blocks alpha-1 receptors and causes vasodilation.
What is carvedilol?
The oral CCB associated with gingival hyperplasia.
What is amlodipine?
A potassium binder used for chronic hyperkalemia.
What is patiromer?
The target hemoglobin range when using ESA therapy.
What is approximately 10–11 g/dL?
The antihypertensive class preferred for renal protection regardless of race.
What are ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
A potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks aldosterone receptors.
What is spironolactone?
The condition in which non-cardioselective beta blockers should be avoided.
What is asthma or COPD?
The primary mechanism by which nitrates improve angina symptoms.
What is reduction of myocardial oxygen demand via preload reduction?
The dietary substitute that can worsen hyperkalemia in CKD.
What is salt substitutes containing potassium?
First-line empiric antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI in adults.
What is nitrofurantoin?
The key lab abnormality that must be monitored after starting RAAS inhibition.
What is hyperkalemia?
The electrolyte change that increases digoxin toxicity risk.
What is low potassium (hypokalemia)?
The clinical risk associated with abrupt beta blocker discontinuation.
What is rebound hypertension or ischemia?
The reason nitrates require a daily drug-free interval.
What is prevention of nitrate tolerance?
The lab change that is acceptable after starting an ACE inhibitor.
What is a mild creatinine increase (≤30%)?
The maximum recommended duration of phenazopyridine therapy.
What is 2 days?