Ions/Tone
What ion plays a major role in smooth muscle contraction?
Calcium
Nitric oxide has what effect on arteries?
Dilation
T/F: sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic vasodilator fibers
True
Most important variable for determining blood pressure
radius
Myocardium primarily uses what fuel source for energy during submaxim exercise
Fatty acids
Hyperpolarization of the vascular smooth muscle cells is due to what ion?
Potassium?
What do nitrate drugs do to cardiac work and blood pressure?
Both decrease
Increased sympathetic activity will produce decreased blood flow where?
GI region
Being low on fluids will activate what system?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Predictable chest pain at a given workload
Stable angina
What are rhythmic contraction of blood vessels called?
Vasomotion
Three examples that cause epinephrine relase
Cold shower, exercise, CV Phys exam
Where are alpha 2 receptors most commonly found?
Skin blood vessels
Arterial vessels contract when blood pressure is raised
Bayliss myogenic response
This mediates inflammation and increases venular permeability (runny nose)
Histamine
Partial pressure of what gas is the main factor in affecting cerebral blood flow?
CO2
What hormone will increase salt and water excretion?
Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Branch of ANS with thoracolumbar outflow
SNS
Bradycardia and acute hypertension indicate what?
Brain tumor
Enzyme responsible for activating vascular smooth muscle cells
Myosin light chain kinase
Vascular tone regulates what three things?
Nutrient exchange
Stroke volume
Blood pressure
What nerve fibers release norepinephrine?
Adrenergic
What are 5 hormones or paracrine agents that bring about vasoconstriction?
Epinephrine, norepinphrine, endothelin, thromboxane, ADH, angiotensin II, serotonin, histamine on H1, aldosterone, renin, PGE series, bradykinin, acetylcholine
What tissue receives the most amount of blood flow at rest per weight of tissue?
Grey matter of brain
Primary means by which myocardium obtains more O2? Must be specific
Vasodilation of coronary arteries