Stroke Basics
What is a CVA?
A sudden interruption of blood flow to a specific area of the brain
What is the most common type of stroke?
Ischemic
What is the tool used to recognize stroke?
B – Balance problems
E – Eye/vision changes
F – Facial droop
A – Arm weakness
S – Slurred speech
T – Time to call 911
What is the gold standard test to diagnose the type of stroke?
CT scan
What is the #1 risk factor for stroke?
HTN
Minutes
Which stroke is caused by vessel rupture?
Hemorrhagic
What is hemiparesis?
One-sided weakness
What is tPA?
What heart rhythm increases the risk for stroke?
Atrial fibrillation
What are the main defects caused by a stroke?
Neurological defects
"Mini stroke" lasting <24 hours
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Slurred speech due to muscle control issue
Dysarthria
What is the time window for tPA use?
3 hours
What is the FIRST nursing action when someone comes in for a possible stroke?
Determining the time of onset
*Time is tissue*
What is the area that can still be saved after a stroke?
The penumbra
Stroke with a slow onset during rest
Thrombotic stroke
What is agnosia?
Cannot recognize familiar objects
What scale is used to assess stroke severity?
NIH stroke scale
Smoking does this to stroke risk
Doubles it
Stroke symptoms affect which side of the body?
Trick question!
The affected side is opposite to where the stroke occurred in the brain
Stroke with sudden onset from traveling clot
Embolic stroke
What is neglect syndrome?
When the brain ignores one side of the body/environment
Procedure that removes plaque from carotid artery
Carotid endarterectomy
What is the key teaching ACRONYM for prevention
S-sleep
H-hydration
E-exercise
D-diet