Hemodynamics
Stroke volume times heart rate
What is cardiac output?
Blocks influx of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle
What are calcium channel blockers?
Systolic dysfunction - inadequate pumping problem
What is HFrEF?
Causes increased fluid retention and edema
What is hypernatremia?
Receptors that are part of the sympathetic nervous system
Dopaminergic, beta and alpha receptors
Determined by preload, afterload and contractility
What is stroke volume?
Milrinone, dopamine, dobutamine and digoxin
What are positive inotropic medications?
Amount of blood pumped out of ventricle divided by the total amount of blood in the ventricle
What is ejection fraction?
Increases cell membrane excitability; high risk for Vtach, Vfib, torsades and cardiac arrest
What is hyperkalemia?
The part of the autonomic nervous system that slows heart rate, decreases contractility and slows conduction through the AV node
Parasympathetic nervous system
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction primarily effect (preload, afterload or contractility)
What is afterload?
Negative feedback loop effecting blood pressure that involves the kidneys
What is the renin angiotensin activating system (RAAS)?
Symptoms: Congestion of peripheral tissues, liver congestion, GI tract congestion, dependent edema and ascites
What are symptoms of right heart failure?
Almost always associated with low magnesium
What is hypocalcemia?
True or false: Activation of alpha receptors causes vasoconstriction of arteries and veins
Stimulation of this nervous system causes increased HR and increased contractility
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Type of beta receptor that effects the heart and kidneys but not the lungs
Beta1
Diastolic dysfunction - due to impaired relaxation and thus improper blood filling
What is HFpEF?
Facilitates development of digoxin toxicity
What is hypomagnesemia?
This class of medication are beta1 agonists
Inotropes