Screening
Lab test typically used for screening for dyslipidemia
Lipid panel
What enzyme do statins inhibit to lower cholesterol
HMG CoA reductase
ASCVD risk calculator estimates risk for cardiovascular events in the next ___ years
10 years
Main adverse effects of aspirin
GI toxicity, ulceration, bleeding
USPSTF recommends beginning screening at what age in males and females without other risk factors for CVD
Males- Age 35
Females- Age 45
Grade A recommendation
T/F: Statins are a good therapy to raise a patient's HDL level
False: Most of the statins have modest HDL raising properties (about 5%), although rosuvastatin has a larger effect.
T/F: Patients with a 10-year risk between 5-10% would not benefit from a statin.
False: Decision should be based on shared decision making between physician and patient
T/F: Aspirin has been shown to significantly reduce subsequent episodes of cardiovascular events
True, aspirin should be used for secondary prevention of CVD events
In patients with low CVD risk, screening is typically repeated in how many years?
5 years
Name two examples of moderate intensity statins
Pravastatin 40-80mg
Simvastatin 20-40mg
Atorvastatin 10-20mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
According to ACA/AHA at what 10-year risk should patients be started on moderate intensity lipid lowering medication
Typically >7.5%
T/F: Low dose aspirin for primary prevention has been shown to have a significant effect on reducing mortality
False: Total mortality relative risk reduction 0.97 with CI 0.93 to 1.02
T/F: Lipids should be checked yearly to assure medication has not lost efficacy.
False: Lipids are checked mainly to assess compliance or if patient had major health event
Name two examples of high intensity statins
Atorvastatin 40-80mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40mg
T/F: Patients who are not at LDL goal for primary prevention should be started on non-statin lipid lowering medications
False: Patients on statins for primary prevention should not be started on additional medications to achieve LDL goal. Can consider escalation to high intensity statin if ASCVD >20% and LDL >100 mg/dL
What is the mechanism of aspirin
Aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase, reducing production of thromboxane A2, a stimulator of platelet aggregation
Patients with LDL >190mg/dL should be evaluated for what condition
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Moderate intensity statins are expected to lower LDL by what percentage
~30-50%
What two components of the lipid panel are included in the ASCVD risk calculator
Total cholesterol and HDL
What age group does USPSTF recommend low-dose aspirin for patients with ASCVD >10% and not at increased risk for bleeding?
50-59 years old, Grade B recommendation