aneurysm
Which aneurysm is found at the branch points of the Circle of Wilis and associated with subdural hemorrhage?
Hint: "the worst headache I've ever had"
Berry aneurysm
Smooth muscle cells infiltrate the tunica ____________, proliferate, and produce matrix proteins in response to any injury.
Intima
Chronic hemodynamic stress causes plasma protein leakage across injured endothelium and smooth muscle cells to produce matrix.
Filarial worms (Wuchereria Bancroft) enter via mosquito bites which lead to "elephantiasis", which is?
Obstructive lymphedema
Composed of lipid-filled foamy macrophages and (foam cells)
Hint: Almost all children have them 10 y.o.
Fatty streaks
Which aneurysm is caused by weakening or destruction of the arterial wall leading to circular dilation?
Fusiform aneurysm
When there is an arteriovenous fistula their can be a rupture, which is particularly a problem if it forms in the brain. What is another concern with a arteriovenous fistula?
High-output cardiac failure due to low peripheral resistance.
What is Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis?
- "Onion skin lesions"
- In severe (malignant) hypertension, vessels react to produce layers of smooth muscle.
Type of vasculitis associated with asthma?
Chrug-strauss syndrome
Name the disease?
Autosomal dominant of CT
FBN1 gene (fibrilin-1)
Abnormal skeleton- tall, long extremeties and fingers
Abnormal eyes- uncommonly, dislocation of the lens (ectopia lentis)
Abnormal cardiovascular- mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilation/dissection
Marfan Syndrome
What kind of aneurysm is a berry aneurysm?
Also, is it true or false aneurysm?
Saccular
True
What is the cause of hypertension?
95% - __________________
5% - __________________
95% - idiopathic (essential hypertension)
5% - secondary HTN; most due to certain renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, or neurologic disorders.
What is an atheroma?
A raised lesion, soft yellow grumous (lumpy) core of lipid (mainly cholesterol and cholesterol esters) covered by white fibrous cap.
• Can obstruct flow, or rupture leading to thrombosis and sudden occlusion of the vessel.
• Plaques can also weaken the underlying media leading to aneurysms.
Most common cause of AAA in elderly?
Atherosclerosis
A very painful hemangioma-like lesion that is usually found under the fingernail is called?
Glomus tumor
What is the abnormal small direct connections between an artery and vein so that it bypasses a capillary bed?
Arteriovenous fistula
What is Mönckeberg?
M - medium (muscular) arteries affected
M - Tunica media calcific deposits hardened into bone
M - medial sclerosis
* insignificant unless accompanied by atherosclerosis*
Characteristic of giant cell arteritis?
A headache along the temples
What is the ectasia associated with high estrogen and "blanches" when pressed?
Spider Telangiectasis
The wall is ruptured and there is a collection of blood (hematoma) that is bounded externally by adherent extravascular tissue.
False aneurysm
What is Arteriolosclerosis?
- small arteries and arterioles affected
- Due to chronic hypertension
-Hyaline and hyperplastic forms
What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?
sensitive indicator of risk (smoking, obesity, and sedentary habits all raise CRP). Is an acute phase inflammatory mediator secreted by liver and intima.
Which vasculitide presents with strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis, desquamation of skin and rash?
Kawasaki syndrome
Increased numbers of small lymph channels forming a lesion less than 2 cm?
Hint: Often found in neck, head, and axilla; without any RBCs.
simple (capillary) lymphangioma