These anchor the AV valve apparatus to the ventricular walls.
What is the papillary muscles?
100
Mean right atrial pressure.
What is 5-8 mmHg?
100
Normal value for LVIDd.
What is 3.5-6.0 cm?
100
This is one of the most important duties of the Cardiologist, Sonographer, and Nurse during a TEE.
What is patient education?
100
The heart's primary pacemaker.
What is the sinoatrial node (SA node)?
200
This valve is at the junction of the IVC and right atrium.
What is the eustachian valve?
200
Closure of these valves create the first heart sound.
What is the atrioventricular valves (MV & TV)?
200
RVSP of a TV jet measuring 3.0 m/s and a RAP of 8 mmHg.
What is 44 mmHg?
200
During a TEE, a bubble study is performed to rule out/evaluate this.
What is PFO, ASD, or VSD?
200
The resistance that the heart must pump against.
What is afterload? Give an example.
300
The largest of the cardiac valves.
What is the tricuspid valve?
300
The term for excessive wall motion.
What is hyperkinetic?
300
Normal E/A ratio.
What is 1.0-1.5 (dependent upon age)?
300
The desired target heart rate during a stress echo.
What is 85-90% of the patient's predicted maximum heart rate for at least 1 minute.
What is the formula for MHR?
300
Increased afterload causes the myocardium to become this.
What is hypertrophied?
400
The center of the heart wall composed of thick muscular tissue.
What is the myocardium?
400
All four valves are closed, ventricular volume is constant, ventricular pressure and wall thickness increase.
What is isovolumic contraction time?
400
When assessing severe mitral regurgitation a PW Doppler is placed 1 cm into this vein.
What is right upper pulmonary vein?
400
Name 3 indications for stress echo.
What is chest pain, CAD, SOB, evaluate function, abn EKG, exercise related arrythmias, risk factors (heredity, age, smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, etc.), pre-op?
400
This maneuver decreases venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
What is Valsalva?
500
Has the lowest oxygen saturation in the body and is approximately 60%.
What is the coronary sinus?
500
Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
What is cardiac output?
500
Normal value for the IVC.
What is 1.2-2.3 cm?
500
An excellent method for detecting coronary artery disease in the patient who is unable to exercise.
What is pharmacological/dobutamine stress echo?
500
This EKG waveform represents electrical atrial systole.