CARDIAC CHAMBERS
VALVULAR DISEASE
DOPPLER PRINCIPLES
CMs and walls
MYSTERY GRAB
BLIND LUCK
100

This chamber is most anterior in the chest.

What is the right ventricle?

100

Hockey stick MV suggest this disease.

What is rheumatic mitral stenosis?

100

This equation calculates pressure gradient from velocity.

What is the modified Bernoulli equation?

100

HOCM is treated with this surgical procedure

What is septal myectomy or alcohol ablation?

100

Apical displacement of the TV, atrialized RV

What is Ebstein's anomaly?

100

Moderate range for RV

What is 30-60 mL?

200

This measurement estimates LA size in PLAX view.

What is the anteroposterior LA dimension?

200

MR due to cusp or leaflet prolapse, flail, and tethered all show this type of jet on color Doppler

What is an eccentric jet?

200

This Doppler method detects high velocities without aliasing.

What is CW?

200

A gene mutation causes this thick CM

What is hypertrophic CM?

200

Shunts are normally L->R. When they switch due to high pulmonary/right sided pressures, it's called this

What is Eisenmenger's syndrome?

200

Moderate range for RF

What is 30-49?

300

This chamber shows earliest collapse in tamponade.

What is the right atrium?

300

Aortic sclerosis differs from AS by this feature.

What is a normal transvalvular gradient?

300

This "effect" explains frequency shift in Doppler.

What is Doppler effect?


300

"Speckled" myocardium with a "ground glass" appearance is a classic presentation of this

What is amyloidosis?

300

Highlighted with the arrows

What is LV apical aneurysm?

300

The a3 and p3 scallops of the MV are nearest to this easily identifiable structure

What is the interventricular septum?

400

This apical 4 chamber view, this wall is on the far right of the image

What is the anterolateral wall?

400

TR is most often secondary to and a good measure of this

What is pulmonary hypertension?

400

Aliasing in PW indicates this

What is a velocity exceeding the Nyquist limit

400

Apical wall segments in A4C

What are apical septal and apical lateral?

400

How poor EF impacts AS quantification

What is underestimation?

400

This is the pap that usually ruptures

What is the posteromedial papillary muscle?

500

LV hypertrophy is most commonly due to this

What is systemic hypertension - HBP.

500

PS is best evaluated in this echo window.

What is PSAX?

500

Spectral Doppler displays this on the x-axis

What is time?

500

Apical wall segments in A3C

What are apical lateral and apical anterior?

500

RV diastolic collapse

What is cardiac tamponade?

500

First tell that there's a blocked coronary

What are MV inflow changes?

600

RA pressure is estimated using this vein

What is the IVC?

600

Flail mitral leaflet usually causes this, to this degree

What severe MR?

600

Gain affects this visual aspect of Doppler signal

What is signal brightness/intensity?

600

SAM is seem in this disease

What is HOCM?
600

M-mode diastolic fluttering of AMVL is likely due to this

What is aortic regurgitation?

600

Very rare, always congenital

What is PS?

700

The basal segments of this chamber are usually sampled with TDI.

What is the LV?

700

This disorder usually presents with concurrent MVP

What is Marfan's syndrome?

700

This must be lowered when assessing PISA

What is color baseline?

700

Global hypokinesis and increase LVID

What is dilated CM?

700

RVSP = this 

when IVC=2.7cm, no collapse

and TR velocity is 4 m/s

What is 79 mmHg?

700
RPS, SSN, Apical are the windows utilizes by this probe with AV velocities >2.5 m/s

What is the pedoff/blind probe?

800

This chamber dilates first in MR and MS

What is the LA?

800

M-mode of BAV in PLAX displays this feature

What is eccentric closure line?

800

TDI measures movement of this

What is myocardium?

800

LV thombus most common with this CM

What is ICM?

800

Formula for regurgitant fraction

What is RV /SVav * 100 (%)

RV = (SVav - SVmv)

800

AVA Moderate stenosis range

What is 1.0 - 1.5 cm2?

900

This chamber's contraction is measured with M-mode at the free wall annulus

What is the RV?

900

Doming of MV leaflets is a sign of

What is MS?
900

E and A waves are measured during this phase

What is diastole?

900

Impacts coronary arteries causing aneurysms; makes jet skis on the side

What is Kawasaki Disease?

900

The reason our mitral inflow might be missing a wave

What is atrial fibrillation?

900

The value that is squared in the Continuity Equation

What is LVOTd?

1000

Apply: Apical two chamber demonstrates thinning and akinesis in the wall along the right side of the image, wrapping around the tip of the heart to include the top segment of the wall along the left of the image. 

THIS VESSEL IS BLOCKED.

What is the LAD?

1000

When you think of thick retracted leaflets, think of this valve being attacked by an endocrine tumor.

What is the tricuspid valve?

1000

This is a normal E:A ratio

What is 0.8 - 1.5?

1000

Affects large vessels, particularly the aorta

What is Takayasu arteritis?

1000

This ______stream side of the valve is where IE vegs happen

What is upstream?

1000

IE veg on this side of the heart embolizes to the lungs

What is right side?

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