Atomic Structure and Bonding
The number of protons in an atom
What is the atomic number?
The product of a metal reacting with an acid
What is a salt and hydrogen gas?
The pH of a neutral solution.
What is 7?
The homologous series with only single bonds.
What are alkanes?
The electrode where reduction occurs.
What is the cathode?
Remember: Mnemonic: RED CAT
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What are isotopes?
This gas relights a glowing splint.
What is oxygen?
A base that dissolves in water.
What is an alkali?
This compound is used in fermentation to make alcohol.
What is glucose?
Equation: C6H12O6 → ethanol + CO2
Electrolysis breaks compounds using this.
What is electricity?
This type of bonding occurs when atoms share electrons
What is covalent bonding?
A mole is equal to this many particles.
What is 6.02 x 10^23? (Avogadro's constant)
This salt is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide.
What is sodium sulfate?
The functional group in carboxylic acids.
What is -COOH?
This gas is formed at the anode during electrolysis of brine.
What is chlorine?
Brine = NaCl solution
A dot and cross diagram shows oxygen shares electrons to complete this type of bond
What is a double covalent bond?
This law states that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A reaction where an acid reacts with a carbonate.
What is acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide?
Ethanol can be separated from water using this technique.
What is fractional distillation?
(Boiling point separation)
A substance that gains electrons.
What is an oxidizing agent?
This element has a full outer shell and is chemically unreactive.
What is a noble gas?
This gas is given off when calcium carbonate reacts with HCL.
What is carbon dioxide?
The indicator used in titrations involving strong acid and strong base.
What is phenolphthalein or methyl orange? (Depends on strength of acid/base)
The combustion of hydrocarbons produces these two compounds.
What are carbon dioxide and water?
(Complete combustion reaction)
This process deposits a metal coating on an object using electricity.
What is electroplating?
Used for decorative or protective coatings
Ionic bonds form between these types of elements
What are metals and non-metals?
You calculate the empirical formula by dividing the mass or percent by this atomic property,
What is relative atomic mass?
Type of oxide that reacts with both acids and bases.
What is an amphoteric oxide? (eg. Aluminium and zinc oxides)
Name given to the reaction where small molecules join with the elimination of water.
What is condensation polymerization?
(Polymers and biochemistry)
The ions present in molten lead(II) bromide.
What are Pb²⁺ and Br⁻?
(Often part of lab questions)
The structure formed by alternating positive and negative ions in an ionic compound
What is a giant ionic lattice?
This is the maximum amount of product possible based on the limiting reagent.
What is the theoretical yield?
(Not to be confused with actual yield)
The complete ionic equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH.
What is H+ + OH- → H2O? (Eliminates spectator ions)
This isomer of butane has a branched chain.
What is 2-methylpropane? (Isomerism)
The half-equation for the reaction at the cathode during the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate.
What is Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)?