Communication disorders SOP and Ethics
What does ASHA stand for?
The American Speech and Hearing Association
What is the incidence of communication disorders in the US population at any given time?
Approximately 40 million Americans (roughly 12% of the total U.S. population) experience a communication disorder, encompassing issues with speech, language, voice, swallowing, or hearing. Data compiled by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
What is the primary cause for child language disorders?
There is no single primary cause for child language disorders.
Common Associated Factors
What are some main symptoms of a "true" stutter?
Blocking
Prolongations
Word substitutions
Secondary characteristics/physical concomitants
True or False:SLPs only work with school aged children on speech and language disorders that impact educational outcomes.
False:SLPs are swallowing experts: Dysphagia (swallowing disorders) is a huge part of an SLP's job. Swallowing uses 26 different muscles and happens about 900 times a day.
SLPs are voice experts.
SLPs are stuttering experts.
SLPs are literacy experts.
SLPs are language experts.
True or False: Speech-Language Pathologists can fit, place and treat a patient who has undergone a laryngectomee with a tracheo-esophageal prosthesis?
True!
What percentage of older Americans live with a diagnosis of some form of communication disability?
Older Adults: Rates increase sharply with age. Over 25% of community-dwelling older adults experience some form of communication disability, heavily tied to cognitive changes or sensory loss.
What is the primary cause of stuttering?
The main cause of developmental stuttering is a mix of genetics and differences in how the brain develops and processes speech. It often runs in families, pointing to an inherited neurological basis rather than emotional trauma or nervous parenting.
What is the one symptom that 95% of individuals diagnosed with a voice disorder complain about?
Vocal hoarseness/breathiness.
To say a phrase how many muscles are used?
To speak a phrase, about 100 muscles of the chest, neck, jaw, tongue, and lips must work together. This requires many brain cells working together.
True or False: Licensed and Certified SLPs treat ADHD.
Cognition
What age is most affected by a communication disorder?
What is the primary cause of voice disorders?
Vocal misuse and overuse (such as yelling, talking too loud, or excessive talking), which strains the vocal cords and leads to physical changes like nodules or polyps. [1, 2]
What are some symptoms of Autism?
Lack of joint attention.
Perseverative speech and behaviors.
Lack of Theory of mind.
Echolalic speech.
Hyper-fixation on topics/foods.
ARVID.
What is the primary cause of hearing loss in adults 18-100?
Sensorineural hearing loss, which is primarily driven by age-related inner ear breakdown (presbycusis) and cumulative damage from loud noise exposure. Together, these two factors account for the vast majority of permanent hearing difficulties in adults.
-Age
-Exposure to loud stimuli
True or False: SLPs are only legaly only work with clients who have a definite diagnosis of a communication disorder such as a language disorder or a stutter.
False!
Elective services include
What percentage of US adults ages 18 and older report having a voice disorder?
-2%
-8%
-20%
-50%
An estimated 17.9 million U.S. adults ages 18 or older, or 7.6%, report having had a problem with their voice in the past 12 months.3,4 Approximately 9.4 million (4.0%) adults report having a problem using their voice that lasted 1 week or longer during the last 12 months.2
What is the primary cause of Aphasia?
The leading cause is a stroke, but it can also result from head trauma, brain tumors, infections, or progressive neurological diseases. [1, 2, 3]
What are some symptoms of an articulation disorder?
Speech sound substitutions.
Speech sound omissions.
Speech sound distortions.
Which part of the brain is responsible for language processing and comprehension?
Right or left?
Language is processed by a network of interconnected regions, primarily located in the left hemisphere of the brain. The two most famous core regions are Broca's area in the frontal lobe for speech production and Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe for comprehension
True or False: Based on the ASHA SLP Code of Ethics, Licensed SLPs can be called up on ethical violations for quitting a job abruptly and not adequately assuring continuance of care for clients on their caseload.
True.
What percentage of the US population is affected by stuttering?
More than 3 million Americans (about 1%) stutter. Stuttering can affect individuals of all ages but occurs most frequently in young children between the ages of 2 and 6. Boys are two to three times more likely than girls to stutter. Although most children who stutter outgrow the condition while young, as many as 1 in 4 will continue to stutter for the rest of their lives, a condition known as persistent developmental stuttering
What is the primary cause of Autism?
There is no single main cause of autism. Instead, research shows that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) develops from a complex mix of genetic and environmental influences that affect early brain development. Genetics is the strongest and most major risk factor, but non-genetic factors also play a part. [1, 2, 3]
What are some symptoms of a swallowing disorder?
Frequent coughing after swallowing.
Change in color.
Symptoms worsen with certain consistencies- liquids vs. soft foods
Food stuck in cheek area hours after eating.
Raise in temperature after eating.
What are some famous celebrities impacted by communication disorders?
Emelia Clarke- aphasia due to brain aneurisms
Bruce Willis- aphasia
Selma Blair- spasmodic dysphonia
Adele-Vocal nodules
Morgan Wallen-vocal nodules and vocal strain