Cyber 2025

One

100

• A password that combines uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters, ideally at least 12 characters long.

What is a strong password?

200

• Common words, phrases, or variations like "password123."

Common password/weak password/dictionary attacj

300

• A security process requiring two different forms of identification to access an account.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA).

400

• A method using a list of likely passwords to gain unauthorized access.

What is a Dictionary Attack?

500

What are the phases of Ethical Hacking?

Reconnaissance, Scanning, Gaining Access, and Maintaining Access.

Two

100

• : A secure and encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the Internet.

What is VPN?

200

What does ICMP stand for?

• : Internet Control Message Protocol.

300

A code injection technique that exploits a vulnerability in an application's software by inserting malicious SQL statements

What is SQL Injection?

400

• A security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

What is a Firewall?

500

• A framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

What is the OSI Model?

Three

100

• An unskilled individual who uses existing scripts or software to hack into systems, often for reputation or entertainment.

What is a Script Kiddie?

200

• An attack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters communications between two parties.

What is a Man in the Middle Attack?

300

Malicious software disguised as legitimate software

What is a Trojan?

400

A security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into content from otherwise trusted websites.

What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS

500

An attack aimed at making a service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic.

What is a Denial of Service (DoS) Attack or DDoS

Four

100

The process of verifying the identity of a user or system

: What does Authentication mean?

200

• Malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise computer systems.

What is Malware?

300

• A type of malicious software that encrypts user files and demands payment for the decryption key.

What is Ransomware?

400

• The practice of hiding information within other non-secret data, such as images or audio files.

What is Steganography?

500

• A method used by hackers to guess passwords through trial and error.

What is a Brute Force Attack?