Cyber History
This U.S. government agency was established in 2003 to help protect the nation's critical infrastructure from cyber threats.
What is CISA? (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency)
This term was first popularized by the 1983 movie War Games and later became associated with unauthorized computer intrusions.
What is hacking?
This term describes software that is intentionally designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to systems.
What is malware?
This Microsoft security platform combines SIEM and SOAR capabilities and is widely used for threat detection, investigation, and response.
What is Microsoft Sentinel?
Julius Caesar used this simple substitution cipher that shifts letters a fixed number of places in the alphabet.
What is the Caesar Cipher?
This 1988 incident led to the creation of the first Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT).
The Morris Worm
A fraudulent message or website designed to trick users into revealing sensitive information is known as this.
What is phishing?
Malware that self-replicates across networks without requiring user interaction is known as this.
What is a worm?
Risk analysts use this platform to record risks, assess impact and likelihood, and maintain the organization's risk register.
ARCS (NAVEX IRM)
This encryption standard won a NIST competition in 2001 and replaced DES.
What is AES?
This hacker was one of the FBI's most wanted cybercriminals in the 1990s and later became a security consultant and author.
Who is Kevin Mitnick?
An attack that floods a system with traffic from many compromised devices is known as this.
What is DDoS?
Malware that remains dormant until a specific condition or event occurs is known as this type of payload.
What is a logic bomb?
This vulnerability scanning platform is commonly used to identify missing patches, misconfigurations, and known vulnerabilities across an environment.
What is Tenable / Nessus?
Unlike encryption, this cryptographic function is designed to be one-way and is commonly used to verify data integrity.
What is hashing?
This retailer suffered a landmark breach in 2013 involving 40 million payment card records, helping drive modern focus on third-party risk management.
What is Target?
This term describes the risk that remains after security controls have been implemented.
What is residual risk?
This banking malware, first identified in 2007, became one of the most prolific credential-stealing trojans in history.
What is Zeus (Zbot)?
This framework is often used by defenders to map adversary actions into categories such as Initial Access, Privilege Escalation, and Lateral Movement.
What is MITRE ATT&CK?
This protocol secures most HTTPS connections by negotiating encryption, authentication, and session keys between client and server.
What is TLS?
This 2013 leak by a former NSA contractor revealed extensive global surveillance programs and had significant implications for cybersecurity and privacy discussions.
What are the Snowden disclosures?
This cybersecurity concept assumes no user, device, or network should be trusted by default, even if already inside the organization's perimeter.
What is Zero-Trust?
This malware evasion technique modifies a malicious program's code while preserving its functionality to avoid signature-based detection.
What is polymorphic malware?
This open-source packet analysis tool allows analysts to inspect network traffic at the packet level and is often considered essential for troubleshooting and incident response.
What is Wireshark?
This modern cryptographic approach uses curves over finite fields to provide security comparable to RSA with much smaller key sizes.
What is elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)?