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100
T cells
PHA is a mitogen that could stimulate: 1. T cells 2. B cells 3. Both
100
Tricky one. Ok so you already know it has satellites right?? So there is no need to use Ag-NOR. The real issue is what is that MARKER. Well…DAPI is good for markers.
What banding is used to identify a biosatellite marker? 1. DAPI/ Dystamycin A 2. Q banding 3. C banding 4. Ag-NOR
100
The answer is colcemid. Hypo needs a certain temp in order to work best. Slide making needs both of these. Fix…in the case of bloods…needs to be cold
Humidity and temperature affect all of the following EXCEPT? 1. Colcemid treatment 2. Hypotonic treatment 3. fixation 4. Slide making
100
4. Small colony with many dividing cells
How do you pick which cover slip to harvest in in-situ amino culture? 1. Bigger colony with few dividing cells 2. Bigger colony with dividing cells in the margin 3. Small colony with few dividing cells 4. Small colony with many dividing cells
100
80% confluent log phase 75-80% is correct. There is barely any growth at 20%. You want to think about the surface of your petri dish or flask. If 10-20% is covered there isn’t much. If 100% is covered there is too much.
What is the best time to freeze cells for long term storage? 1. 10% confluent log phase 2. 20% confluent log phase 3. 80% confluent log phase 4. 100% confluent log phase
200
100/tech
How many cells are to be scored for a fusion probe interphase FISH assay? 1. 25 2. 30 3. 50 4. 100
200
Measure with a tachometer
A sample needs to be spun at 2,000 rpm, how do you confirm the speed is right? 1. Spin a control sample for 10 minutes to see if you could see cell pellet 2. Measure with a tachometer 3. Spin a tube of blood for 15 minutes to see if RBC could be separated from serum 4. Send the centrifuge back to manufacture for calibration
200
2. Split 3 ml for FISH, 10-12mL for monolayer culture for biochem test, and the rest culture for chromosomes. Make Sure all tests involved get some sample.
You receive a POC and want to do chromosome analysis, biochemical screen on cultured fetal cells, AFAFP, and FISH. You take out 1ml of supernatant for AFAFP testing and then perform dissection. What will be your next step? 1. Split 4 ml for FISH, put the rest of the specimen for culturing 2. Split 3 ml for FISH, 10-12mL for monolayer culture for biochem test, and the rest culture for chromosomes 3. Put all of the specimen into culturing
200
The enzymatic activity increases. Remember: As ph increases, so does trysin activity.
What happens to the enzymatic activity of trypsin as pH increases to 8 ? 1. The enzymatic activity stays the same 2. The enzymatic activity decreases 3. The enzymatic activity increases 4. The enzymatic activity stops
300
Using expired solution
Common failure in FISH assay is due to: 1. Using counterstaining 2. Using home-brew probes 3. Using expired solution 4. Using non-hybrite denaturation
300
Haha…funny bc this is literally happening to me as I type. A few of my cultures I set up last week have contamination…why??? Bc my MEDIA was contaminated. You can have all your surfaces, hoods, etc sterile but if your media is messed up…none of that matters. 
What is the first thing to do to prevent contamination? 1. Wipe down incubator with detergent 2. Wipe down biohazard cabinet with 70% ethanol 3. Insure sterility of the culture media
300
90 oC for 20 minutes
How do you age slide for same-day G-banding? 1. 90 oC for 20 minutes 2. 90 oC for 60 minutes 3. 75 oC for 60 minutes 4. 60 C for 60 minutes 5. 1 & 3 6. All of above
300
1. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) ALSO KNOW glycerol
You want to freeze cells for long-term storage, what solution should be used? 1. Dimethyl Sulfoxide 2. Sodium Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra-Acetate 3. Acid Citrate Dextrose 4. Methotrexate
300
Less than usual metaphase spread
What would be the direct result if you switch the hypotonic and fixation order when harvesting? 1. Lower than usual mitotic index 2. Higher than usual mitotic index 3. Less than usual metaphase spread 4. More than usual metaphase spread
400
3. Amniotic fluid Explanation: Although, CVS has the worst contamination problem.
Maternal cell contamination is seen most in what specimen? 1. Blood 2. BM 3. Amniotic fluid
400
Cellularity
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining how much BM should be inoculated? 1. Cellularity 2. Volume of BM 3. Type of disease 4. Aspiration site
400
2. Gentamycin 3. Kanamycin Explanation: Both are listed in my study guide from FGT as good anitfungals.
The most common antifungal used in cytogenetic lab is: 1.Amphotericin B 2.Gentamycin 3.Kanamycin 4. Pen/strep
400
3. skin for constitutional mosaicism The others can have regular harvests.
Which of the following would you most likely do a direct harvest on? 1. lymph node on small cell lymphocytic leukemia 2. tumor for sarcoma 3. skin for constitutional mosaicism 4. bone marrow for acute lymphocytic leukemia
400
24 hours Explantion: 48-96 hours cultures are usable.
Which of the following peripheral blood cultures stimulated with PHA cannot be used for chromosome preparations? 1. 24 hours 2. 48 hours 3. 72 hours 4. 96 hours
500
15 to 17 hr
How long do you treat culture with methotrexate before you release the block? 1. 1-2 hr 2. 2.5-4 hr 3. 4.5-5.5 hr 4. 15 to 17 hr
500
Remember: Know color associated with ph. Basic going on neutral. Contamination would be yellow
Magenta color of media is an indication of?
500
Increase the speed. The faster it goes the more the cells become compacted. You are able to get a larger pellet and have less AF floating around in the supernant.
How do you compensate if you have a lower volume of amnio? 1. Increase centrifugation time? 2. Increase centrifugation speed 3. Increase the number of coverslip initiated 4. Increase culture volume
500
S phase
Methotrexate stops the cell cycle in what phase: 1. G1 2. M 3. G2 4. S
500
The number of wbc per ml of the bone marrow should first be determined. If the count is low, all of the bone marrow should be utilized. Always get the cell count.
When setting up bone marrow cultures, what procedure is used when more than 3 mls of bone marrow is received? 1. The specimen should be diluted up to 10ml with F10 media. The number of wbcs should be determined by use of the Coulter Counter. If the count is under 4 x 10^6 then the culture can be set up if more than 4 x 10^6 the culture should be respun before culture can be set up. 2. Transfer 3 mls of the bone marrow to another tube. Add media. Determine wbc count. 3. The number of wbc per ml of the bone marrow should first be determined. If the count is low, all of the bone marrow should be utilized. 4. The bone marrow specimen should be centrifuged to get rid of the excess plasma. Next, dilute with 10 ml of media. Then determine the wbc count.
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