Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic organisms lack a true nucleus. What is the term for the region within a prokaryotic cell where genetic material is found?
What is the nucleoid region?
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound structure that houses the cell's DNA. What is this structure called?
What is the nucleus?
This double-membraned organelle is often called the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces ATP. What is its name?
What is the mitochondrion?
This is the first step of the scientific method, where you identify a problem or something you want to know.
What is asking a question (or making an observation)?
What is the outermost boundary of an animal cell that regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell?
What is the cell membrane?
What is the name for the process through which prokaryotic cells reproduce by dividing into two identical daughter cells?
What is binary fission?
Which type of eukaryotic cell organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins using instructions from the cell's DNA?
What is the ribosome?
Which cell organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down cellular waste and debris?
What is the lysosome?
A testable statement or prediction that can be investigated through experiments.
What is a hypothesis?
What term describes the process by which a cell engulfs large particles, such as food or other cells, by wrapping its cell membrane around them and forming a vesicle?
What is endocytosis?
What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
What is providing structural support and protection?
Eukaryotic cells have a system of folded membranes and canals that is responsible for the synthesis and transport of lipids and proteins. What is this system called?
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?
What is the synthesis and transport of lipids and proteins?
In an experiment, this is the factor that you change to see its effect.
What is the independent variable?
What is the term for the stage of the cell cycle when a cell divides its nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei?
What is mitosis?
Prokaryotic cells often have a protective, durable outer layer in addition to the cell wall. What is the name of this outermost structure?
What is the capsule?
Eukaryotic cells have a complex internal transport system for moving materials and organelles within the cell. What is the name of the network of protein filaments responsible for this intracellular movement?
What is the cytoskeleton?
Name the hair-like projections on the cell surface that can move in coordinated waves, helping with the movement of materials along the cell's surface.
What are cilia?
After collecting data, scientists do this to determine if their hypothesis was supported.
What is analyzing the results (or drawing a conclusion)?
What is the term for the process in which a cell replicates its DNA before cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material?
What is DNA replication?
Some prokaryotic organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for other organisms. What is the term for this process, which is crucial for the nitrogen cycle?
What is nitrogen fixation?
In plant cells, what is the unique organelle responsible for photosynthesis and the production of glucose from light energy, carbon dioxide, and water?
What is the chloroplast?
This organelle is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for transport within or outside of the cell. What is it called?
What is the Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex or Golgi body)?
To ensure reliability, scientists repeat their experiments or have others test them. This step is called ___.
What is replication (or peer review)?
What is the name of the specialized cellular structures that contain the cell's genetic material and are responsible for regulating gene expression and directing cell activities?
What are the nuclei (singular: nucleus)?