beats
laya
The regulated time spent in music is called as laya.The tictoc of a clock or the heartbeat of a man are some of the best examples of laya.If this laya is disturbed even slightly , the clock gets disturbed or the man falls.There are three types of layas-vilambit laya , madhya laya and drut laya
Taal
The regulated time spent in music is known as taal.Every taal consists of certain specific number of beats.There are different types of taals like Teentaal , jhaptaal , ektaal and more.Taal is the soul of music.
Awartan/Aavruti
A complete cycle of taal is known as awartan or aavruti.Awartan is a journey from sama to sama
Vilambit laya
The laya which is very slow or almost half or less than half the speed of madhya laya is known as vilambit laya.This laya is normally used in indian classical vocal during Khayal Gayaki.We do tatkaar baant in this laya
Sama
The very first beat of every taal is known as sama.In indian classical music and dance , all the musical as well as rhythmic compositions conclude on sama.Sama is the final finish as well as beginning of any musical or rhythmic composition.
Vibhaag
Eveery taali or khaali forms a new vibhaag.The total number of taalis + the total number of khaalis = the total number of vibhaags in a taal.Due to vibhaag , we can understand the internal rhythmic desgin of a taal.For example teentaal consists of 16 matras , there are 3 taalis and 1 khaali.Therefore , 3+1=4 so the number of vibhaags is 4.This can also be written as teentaal vibhaag 4-4-4-4
Madhya laya
Madhya means medium.The laya which is neither very slow or nether very fast is called as madhya laya.We dance out tihais and todas in this laya.
Matra
The beats that form a taal are known as matras.A single beat is a mtra.Matra is the smallest segment of any taal.Every taal consists of different matras/beats.
5 famous kathak dancers from previous and current generation
Previous generation-Late Padmashri Gopikrishna , Late Pandita Rohini bhate , Late Pandita Sitara Devi , Late Pandita Arjun Mishra , Pandir Bijru Maharaj
Current generation-Marchana Joglekar , Shambhavi-sathe dandekar , Shaswati Sen , Shama Bhate , Uma Dogra
Drut laya
Drut means fast.Therefore the laya which is fast or double the speed of madhya laya is known as drut laya.In indian classical music , drut laya is used when singing compositions such as tarana or tirwat.Whereas in Kathak drut laya is used while performing gatnikas or gat bhav
Taali
While reciting anytaal. on hands , when we clap at a particular beat or matra , the very action of clapping is known as taali.In teentaal , there are three taalis on 1,5,13
Bols of tatkaar
Ta thei their tat || Aa thei their tat
Kaal/Khaali
While reciting any taal on hands , instead of clapping we turn our right palm upward in space with with a mild jerk , thereby making a silent hand movement;such action is known as kaal or khalai.
Indian classical dance styles and their states
kathak-Uttar Pradesh
Bharatnatyam-Tamil Nadu
Kuchipidi-Andhra Pradesh
Kathakali-Kerela
Mohini Attam-Kerela
Manipuri-Manipur
Odissi-Orissa
Chhau-West Bengal
Sattriya-Assam