Ch 1-2
A field of psychology that focuses on studying cognitive processes through observable behaviors.
What is cognitive psychology?
This is limited, selective, and part of everyone's cognitive architecture.
What is attention?
What is long-term memory?
When the eyes stop for approximately 250 ms to process text.
What is a fixation?
When someone's judgement or decision is based on how well someone represents their basic idea of the object/concept.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
These carry out messages that control our behaviors, thoughts, and impulses.
What is a neuron?
The physical intake of information through our sensory organs.
Semantic and episodic memories are examples of what type of long-term memory?
What is declarative/explicit memory?
When someone's reasoning, judgements, or decision making are occurring quickly, without a lot of attention, and are likely to be error prone.
What is the heuristic mode?
According to this theory, we feel losses more strongly/intensely than we do gains.
What is prospect theory?
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal
Your perception is being influenced only by sensory information alone.
What is bottom-up processing?
This memory store can hold approximately 7 items for approximately 20 seconds.
Short-term memory
When the given premises in a syllogism are true.
What is a sound argument?
If you want someone to take a risk, you should frame options like this.
What is a 'loss framing'? (e.g. emphasizing what they'll lose if they don't take the risk)
One experiment demonstrated that rats could learn how to navigate a T-maze without actually running the maze, as they were pulled by carts instead. How did this contradict behaviorist's claims?
What is 'learning without responding'?
When you fail to notice a change in a stimuli.
What is change blindness?
What is childhood amnesia?
This paradigm has helped demonstrate that infants have the innate ability to perceive any phoneme in any language, but adults do not have this ability.
What is the infant habituation paradigm?
If someone experiences this, they'll have difficulty seeing alternative uses for objects other than their primary function.
What is functional fixedness?
This type of aphasia results in difficulty producing language, including spoken and written language.
What is Broca's aphasia?
Unlike object recognition, we typically recognize faces using this type of processing.
What is holistic processing?
Let's say someone witnessed a crime. When the officer asks "Do you remember seeing a green car drive away?", the witness says "yes" even though they did not actually see any car. What phenomenon are they falling victim to?
Misinformation effect
When someone is talking, this model predicts we will narrow down candidates by going through each phoneme of the word until we find the word.
What is the cohort model?
According to this, someone's decisions will be based on how the options are valued and the liklihood of those options occuring.
What is subjective utility theory?