Research methods
This type of design uses the same participants in all conditions of the experiment
Repeated measures design
What descriptive statistic finds the most common number
Mode
This type of research design investigates the relationship between two co-variables but does not manipulate them.
Correlational Design
What is the significant P Value
Less than 0.05
A major limitation of this design is that participant differences between groups can affect the results.
Independent Groups Design
Calculate the median:
5, 3, 12, 5, 9, 13, 7, 8, 9, 5, 9 5
7.5
Hannah
In this design, participants are randomly assigned to different conditions.
Independent groups design
The mean, median, and mode are examples of this type of measure
Central tendency
The two co-variables in Maguire’s study were length of time as a taxi driver and this brain measurement.
Adjusted volume of the right posterior hippocampus?
A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other does this.
It also increases
This design risks order effects such as practice or fatigue influencing participants’ performance
Repeated measures design
Calculate the rate of a type II error
Power = 0.92
What does this mean?
There is an 8% of doing a false negative (fail to reject the null)
This design helps control for participant variables but risks order effects like fatigue or practice.
Repeated measured design
The range and standard deviation describe how spread out the data are.
Measures of variability (dispersion)
The correlation coefficient for Maguire’s study was r = 0.6350. What does this indicate about the relationship between the two variables?
Moderately strong positive correlation
If error bars overlap on a graph, it suggests this about the difference between the two means.
It is not statistically significant
Although this design controls participant variables, it’s time-consuming and difficult to find suitable pairs.
Matched participants design
Calculate the mean:
Scores: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15
8.56
WHAT IS MISS RUSSELL'S BACHELOR DEGREES IN
MUSIC AND PSYCHOLOGY
When every participant experiences all conditions in a different order to reduce order effects, this method is used.
Counterbalancing
If the data are skewed or contain outliers, this measure of central tendency is most appropriate.
Median
A limitation of this type of design is that it cannot establish this.
Cause and effect relationship
In a correlational study, a coefficient of r = 0.00 indicates this type of relationship.
No relationship
This method can be subjective and hard to analyse because it relies on participants’ thoughts or feelings.
Self-report or interviews
A study found a p-value = 0.04. Should the null be accepted or rejected?
Rejected
WHERE DID MISS RUSSELL BUY A HOUSE
This type of design matches participants on key variables before assigning them to conditions
Matched participants design
A small standard deviation indicates this about the data.
The scores are closely clustered around the mean (less variability)
Compared to previous research (r = 0.5567), Maguire’s correlation coefficient was slightly higher. What conclusion can be drawn from this?
The current study shows a stronger relationship between hippocampal volume and time as a taxi driver
If a result is statistically significant but the sample size is small, researchers should question this about the study.
Its reliability and generalisability (external validity)
In this design, it’s hard to establish cause and effect because there’s no manipulation of variables.
Correlational studies
The control condition had a mean = 6, SD = 1, and the experimental condition had mean = 9, SD = 3.
Experimental Group
What is Miss Russell's Middle name
Carmen