Anthropologists
Focused on historical particulism and has a significant influence on the development of anthropology in America. Was also interested in long term field reaserch
Franz Boaz
Main thinkers: Morgan, Tylor
Theory: Evolution can be categorized into different states
Example: savagery, barbarians, civilization
Cultural Evolutionism
List the 6 ecological zones
Arctic, Desert, tropics, woodlands-temperate, savannas/plains, mountainous
What are the key concepts of stratification?
Wealth, income, class, prestige, inequality, power, mobility, life chances, status
How culture is learned used; how culture persists and change; similarity and difference across culture; study dynamics of particular cultures to better understand humanity across time & space
Cultural
Bronislaw Malinowski
What are the two cultural point of views?
Idealism & Materialism
List the major types of Subsistence Strategies
Foraging, Horticulture, Pastoralism, Intensive Agriculture, Industrialism
Name the Key Thinkers:
1. Poor workers get paid less than rich people for the same job. Capitalists ensure their wealth remains.
2. Workers generate wealth but receive little. Stratification should be eliminated.
3. First to argue conflict is normal in stratified societies.
Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Max Gluckman respectively
Study of the past through material remains; reconstruct human behavior using material remains; provide explanation and analysis of historical and prehistoric societies
Archeological
He assumed a universal pattern among humans, but it may vary from culture to culture.
Claude Levi-Strauss
Achieved status vs Ascribed Status
Achieved status: earned
Ascribed status: born into
Focus on the biocultural evolution of human species, its ancestors, and relatives; study of how people bioculturally adapt to different environments and challenges; explain variation among humans and their ancestors; study non-human primates and their relationship to humans
Physical (Biological)
Cultural Evolutionist
Morgan and Tylor
Study of languages past & present; study of how people use language in verbal and nonverbal ways; study of how languages vary in a society and across time; study how languages evolve, spread, or become extinct
Linguistic
He was the first American anthropologist who wrote a book called races and people which argued that non-whites are inferior to whites, and therefore unequal.
Daniel Brinton
Application of anthropological training and knowledge within specific occupational settings and institutional contexts.
Applied