The Reality Today
This phrase is commonly used to describe the purpose of police
"Protect and serve"
A group of men used to control enslaved people and stop rebellion
Slave Patrols
Refusing loans and services to certain neighborhoods because of the race or ethnicity of the people living there
Redlining
This government campaign under Richard Nixon used strict laws and policing to stop drug use and drug trade starting in the 1970s
War on Drugs
This issue increases police interactions because people do not have stable housing
Homelessness
This is the most commonly used non-lethal tool in modern policing
Taser
This belief limits rights of immigrants and favors "native" people
Nativism
A court case that allowed segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
This law helped fund local police and gave them military-style equipment
Law Enforcement Assistance Act
This means money and wealth differences between racial groups that are passed from parents to children over many generations
Intergenerational Racial Wealth Gap
This is the percent of arrests that are for low level offenses
64%
A law that allowed punishment for enslaved people leaving without permission
Virginia Slave Code
Laws that restricted the freedom of African Americans, such as curfews, annual work contracts, loitering
Black Codes
This federal program under Lyndon Johnson increased funding for police and crime control
War on Crime
This theory explains how systems like housing, education, and policing create inequality together
Structural Racism
These groups are more likely to be arrested for low-level offenses compared to white people
Black and Latinx communities
This constitutional clause required escaped enslaved people to be returned to their owners
Fugitive Slave Clause
A system where prisoners were used for labor
Convict-leasing
This idea says stopping small crimes will help prevent bigger crimes and leads to more policing
Broken Windows Theory
This idea explains how slavery, segregation, and mass incarceration are connected through systems that can use race to control labor and create economic profit
Racial Capitalism
This percentage of police shootings involve no attempt at non-lethal force
79%
This South Carolina colonial law created armed patrols that broke up gatherings of enslaved people, searched homes for weapons, and punished people leaving without permission
Charleston Law
These voting restrictions used taxes or tests to stop many Black voters in the South from voting
Poll Tax & Literacy Tests
This system replaces earlier forms of racial control like slavery and segregation through prisons and policing
Mass Incarceration
This idea explains taking methods from war and bringing them back to use in policing at home
Imperial Boomerang Theory