Cell Regulation
The category of medications that is used most frequently to treat cancer
Chemotherapy
The type of immunity that a baby acquires through placental or breast milk transfer of antibodies from the mother
Passive acquired immunity
The patient who is allergic to cephalosporins is more likely to be allergic to this class of antibiotics also
Penicillins
Name the blood protein that links together in large nets to connect platelets together and form clots
Fibrinogen
The name of the condition that describes low counts of all three major blood cell lines
Pancytopenia
The name of the medication class most commonly used to suppress autoimmune disease
Corticosteroids
The antibiotic class that is associated with the rare side effect of tendon rupture
Fluoroquinolones
Name the clinical symptoms of left- and right-sided heart failure
Left: Crackles and difficulty breathing; Right: Peripheral edema and weight gain
What's wrong with the layperson phrase "blood thinner" when used to describe anticoagulants?
They do not actually thin the blood; rather, they make the blood less prone to clotting.
3 common side effects of chemotherapy
Alopecia (hair loss), pancytopenia, nausea, GI ulceration (mouth sores), anorexia
Name three side effects of long-term corticosteroid use
Hypertension, hyperglycemia, upper body fat deposition, adrenocortical suppression, thinning of skin, osteoporosis
Stop the infusion, because vancomycin is a well-known tissue vesicant/ irritant, and the redness often means that the vein is swollen or, worse, that the drug has infiltrated
Name the heart defect that we studied that is not survivable outside the newborn period
Transposition of great vessels
PT (prothrombin time) is a lab result that gets multiplied by a constant in order to calculate international normalized ratio (INR), used to check the effect of warfarin. PTT (partial thromboplastin time) is used to check the effect of heparin.
Name of the body organ that produces blood cells
Bone marrow
The class of vaccines that is largely considered unsafe for a pregnant person to receive
Live attenuated virus vaccines
Three side effects that are common to all antibiotics
Superinfection, GI upset, renal injury
Name the class of lab test that begins to increase at the onset of myocardial infarction but does not peak until some hours later
Put the following three medications in order of potency from least to most:
Low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, heparin
Warfarin (least potent), LMWH, heparin (most potent)
The reason why chemotherapy is used before tumor debulking surgery and the reason it is used after tumor resection surgery (name both!)
Before: To shrink the tumor so that it can more easily be removed
After: To get rid of any cancerous cells that remain after tumor resection
The name of the cytokine that is largely responsible for allergic reactions
Histamine
Which of these comes first and why: start broad spectrum antibiotics, take a culture sample, start narrow-spectrum antibiotics
Take a culture sample, because the antibiotic will affect the culture result if the bacterium is susceptible, which could lead the provider to treat the wrong bacterium
Name at least three reasons why infants are more susceptible to hypovolemic shock than adults
More transpiration of fluids through skin, less overall water reserve, behavioral inability to seek fluid sources, kidney immaturity, relatively fast respiratory rate increasing pulmonary fluid loss
The only drug category that directly dissolves clots
Thrombolytics