1
2
3
4
5
100
How fast an object is moving
Speed
100
The moment when two objects hit each other
Collision
100
A result or change that happens because of an event or process
Effect
100
The same in quantity, size, degree, or value
Equal
100
To apply a force
Exert
200
A push or a pull that can change the motion of an object
Force
200
A force between an object and the surface it is moving over
Friction
200
Acting or going in the reverse direction
Opposite
200
The energy that an object has because it is moving
Kinetic Energy
200
The amount of matter that makes up an object
Mass
300
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
300
To reach a conclusion using evidence and reasoning
Infer
300
A self-contained unit on an aircraft, spacecraft, vehicle, or vessel that can be detached for a particular function
Pod
300
Speed in a particular direction
Velocity
300
An event or process that leads to a result or change
Cause
400
Alfonso, Julia, and Margie were having fun as they rolled some office chairs across a flat floor. All three chairs have the same mass. Margie gave each of the chairs a push, but not all from the same direction. Each chair changed speed as a result of being pushed. Use the information in the diagram to answer.
Which chair(s) experienced the strongest force when it was pushed? How do you know?
A. The black chair experienced the strongest force because it takes a stronger force to slow something down than it takes to speed something up.
B. The blue chair experienced the strongest force because it had the fastest ending speed.
C. All three chairs experienced the same strength force because they changed speed by the same amount.
D. The pink and blue chairs experienced the strongest forces because they both gained the same force as they sped up. The black chair lost force, so it slowed down.
C. All three chairs experienced the same strength force because they changed speed by the same amount.
400
Three boats were moving across the surface of a smooth lake. The gray and pink boats have the same mass, and both of these boats are more massive than the orange boat. Each boat was bumped by another boat, but not from the same direction. Use the information in the diagram to answer.
Which boat(s) experienced the strongest force when hit? How do you know?
A. The gray and pink boats experienced the strongest force because they are both more massive than the orange boat, and they all changed speed by the same amount.
B. The pink boat experienced the strongest force because it is as massive as the gray boat and has the highest ending speed.
C. All three boats experienced the same force because they changed speed by the same amount.
D. The gray boat experienced the strongest force because it takes more force to slow an object than it takes to make it go faster.
A. The gray and pink boats experienced the strongest force because they are both more massive than the orange boat, and they all changed speed by the same amount.
400
3. Alice and Kai were playing air hockey, which is a game where players hit a puck with paddles so the puck slides across a table. After the game, they were crashing the puck and two different paddles. The puck was the same in both crashes, but the paddles were different: the red paddle had less mass, while the purple paddle had more mass. Use the information in the diagram to answer.
In which crash did the puck experience a stronger force? Why?
A. The puck did not experience a force; only the paddles experienced a force in the crashes.
B. Crash 2; the force on the purple paddle was stronger in this crash, so the force on the puck was also stronger.
C. The diagram doesn’t tell you anything about the force on the puck. It only gives information about the force on the paddles.
D. The puck experienced the same force in both crashes. The paddles changed speed by the same amount in each crash, so the force on the puck was the same each time.
B. Crash 2; the force on the purple paddle was stronger in this crash, so the force on the puck was also stronger.
400
4. In soccer, players kick a soccer ball across a flat field. At practice one day, three soccer balls that have the same mass were rolling across the field. They were each kicked by a soccer player, but not from the same direction. Each soccer ball changed speed as a result of being kicked. Use the information in the diagram to answer.
Which soccer ball(s) experienced the strongest force when it was kicked? How do you know?
A. The purple soccer ball because it has the fastest ending speed.
B. The blue soccer ball because it takes a stronger force to slow something down than to speed something up.
C. The blue soccer ball because it changed speed the most.
D. The purple and yellow soccer balls because they gained force, while the blue soccer ball lost force.
C. The blue soccer ball because it changed speed the most.
400
Three skiers were racing across flat, smooth snow. The skiers in yellow and purple sweaters have the same mass, which is more mass than the skier in the red sweater. Each skier was bumped by another skier, but not from the same direction. Use the information in the diagram to answer.
Which skier(s) experienced the strongest force when bumped? How do you know?
A. All three skiers experienced the same force because they changed speed by the same amount.
B. The purple skier; he is more massive and has the fastest ending speed.
C. The yellow skier; it takes a stronger force to slow down a more massive object than to speed it up.
D. The yellow and purple skiers; they have more mass than the red skier, but changed speed by the same amount.
D. The yellow and purple skiers; they have more mass than the red skier, but changed speed by the same amount.