Intro
The smallest piece of a substance that still has the properties of the substance
An atom
These are made up of particles called protons, neutrons and electrons
What is an atom
This kind of element is created by slight variation in the number of neutrons
what is an isotope?
The organization of electrons around the nucleus of an atom
Boron
2-3
Something that has mass and takes up space
What is matter?
A particle of matter with a negative charge
The seven horizontal rows on the periodic table
what are groups?
The orbital with the lowest energy level
What is the first orbital?
aluminum
2-8-3
A substance made up of only one kind of atom
What is an element?
negatively charged ion
What is an anion?
The vertical columns of the periodic table
What is a group or family
Blurred electrons surrounding the nucleus, moving too quickly for their exact location to be pinpointed
What is an electron cloud?
Carbon
2-4
Two or more elements bound together in a constant ratio
What is a compound?
Positively charged ion
What is a cation?
The number of protons in an atom of an element
What is the atomic number?
An element is most stable with this many electrons in its outermost orbital
What is 8 electrons?
Electrons in the outermost (usually incomplete) orbital
what is a valence electron?
Two or more elements, that are physically combined but not bound together
What is a mixture?
An atom that is not electrically balanced
What is an ion?
Approximately the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of the element
What is the atomic mass?
This model portrays electrons moving around the nucleus in orbitals representing energy levels
What is the Bohr Model?
Calcium electron by orbial and number of valence electrons
2-8-8-2
2 valence