Comfort
Cows standing with front feet in the stall and rear feet in the alley with greater risk of claw hemorrhages.
What is perching?
how many pounds of dry feed a dairy cow can in a day
What is 50-55 pounds?
spinous and transverse process prominent, no fat cover, depending cavity around tailhead, deep depression in loin
What is a score of 1?
Stands and walks normally with a level back. Makes long confident strides.
What is normal?
time spent in social interaction
What is 2-3 hours?
Stalls that decrease risk factor for lameness in dairy cows
What is sand-bedded stalls?
this can cause 25% reduction in milk production
What is 40% reduction in water intake?
spinous and transverse process rounded, muscle development full, co cavity around tailed, slight depression in loin area
What is a score of 3?
Arched back standing and walking. Favoring one or more limbs but can still bear some weight on them. Sinking of the dew-claws is evident in the limb opposite to the affected limb
What is lame?
time spent eating and drinking
What is 3-5 hours?
Type of flooring is preferred by cattle.
What is rubber flooring?
enhances saliva flow which acts as a buffer by raising rumen pH
What is rumination?
spinous process evident only as a line, fat cover considerable but firm, transverse processes cannot be felt, tailed rounded with fat, no depression in loin
What is a score of 4?
Stands and walks with an arched back and short strides with one or more legs. Slight sinking of dew-claws in limb opposite to the affected limb may be evident
What is moderately lame?
time spent lying and resting
What is 12-14 hours?
gait abnormalities, arched back, head bob, step asymmetry, and flexion problems
What are signs of lameness?
needed for digestion,thermoregulation, and other aspects of homeostasis
What is water?
spinous and transverse processes not detectable, fat cover dense and soft, tailed buried under thick layer of fatty tissue
What is a score of 5?
Pronounced arching of back. Reluctant to move, with almost complete weight transfer off the affected limb.
What is severely lame?
time spent ruminating
What is 7-10 hours?
stall with the most comfort for cattle
What is a free stall?
feed that is intensely focused on one class of nutrients
What is concentrate feed?
spinous and transverse processes prominent but smooth, slight fat cover, shallow cavity around tailed with some fatty tissue lining
What is a score of 2?
Stands with flat back, but arches when walks. Gait is slightly abnormal.
What is mildly lame?
time spent outside pen (travel time, milking)
What is 2.5-3 hours?