DAIRY BASICS
Name one popular dairy cattle breed.
Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, or Brown Swiss
About how many gallons of milk can one cow produce each day?
6–8 gallons
What percentage of milk is mostly water?
About 87–89%
What mineral in dairy helps build strong bones and teeth?
Calcium
What ingredient did we add to the ice surrounding the cream mixture?
Salt
Name three products made by the dairy industry besides fluid milk.
Butter, cheese, condensed milk, dry milk, or cultured milk
Where is milk stored on the farm after milking?
In a bulk tank
What are the remaining 12–13% of milk called?
Total milk solids
What nutrient provides amino acids that help build and repair tissues?
Protein
: What four ingredients went into the small bag?
Heavy whipping cream, sugar, half & half, and vanilla extract.
What are two reasons the dairy industry is important to agriculture?
Provides food, supports the economy, supports rural communities, uses agricultural resources, advances technology, or provides careers.
Why is milk kept cold on the farm?
To slow bacterial growth.
What process uses heat to make milk safer?
Pasteurization
What vitamin helps the body absorb calcium?
Vitamin D
Why did we use both heavy whipping cream and half & half?
The butterfat helps create a smoother texture and prevents coarse ice crystals.
What are the four dairy cattle breeds discussed in class?
Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, and Brown Swiss.
How often do milk tankers typically pick up milk from farms?
Every 1–2 days.
What process prevents the cream from separating and floating to the top?
Homogenization
Name three vitamins or minerals found in dairy.
Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin B12, potassium, phosphorus, or riboflavin.
Why does adding salt to ice help freeze the cream mixture?
Salt lowers the freezing point of water, making the ice/salt mixture colder than plain ice.
Why is the dairy industry considered more than just producing milk?
It includes all the steps involved in producing, processing, and getting dairy products to consumers.
Put these in the correct order: processing plant, cow, bulk tank, milk tanker.
Cow → bulk tank → milk tanker → processing plant
What is the main difference between pasteurization and homogenization?
Pasteurization uses heat to destroy harmful bacteria, while homogenization uses pressure to break fat into tiny droplets so it stays mixed.
What are two possible concerns associated with consuming dairy?
Lactose intolerance, milk allergies, saturated fat/calories, possible acne/skin issues, or environmental impact.
Why were we required to shake, knead, and roll the bag?
Constant movement helps the mixture freeze evenly and creates the desired ice cream texture.