DNA Structure
This molecule carries hereditary information and is found in the nucleus.
What is DNA?
This molecule carries the message of DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
A mutation where one base is replaced by another.
What is a substitution mutation?
Technique used to separate DNA fragments for analysis.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The molecules that make up proteins.
What are amino acids?
The building block of nucleic acids, made of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
What is a nucleotide?
This type of RNA helps assemble proteins at the ribosome.
What is rRNA?
A mutation caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide.
What is a frameshift mutation?
A method used to identify individuals or species by their DNA pattern.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
The sugar found in RNA.
What is ribose?
The form DNA takes when it coils and condenses for cell division.
What are chromosomes (or chromatin)?
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
Mutations can sometimes cause these in organisms, changing how they develop or function.
What are adverse effects (or genetic disorders)?
An organism with genes inserted from another organism.
What is a transgenic organism?
The sugar found in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
These molecules form the “rungs” of the DNA ladder.
What are nitrogen bases?
The process of making mRNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
This 3-letter group in mRNA codes for one amino acid.
What is a codon?
Using functional genes to replace defective ones in treatment.
What is gene therapy?
The location of DNA inside the cell.
What is the nucleus?
The 13-year project that mapped all the genes in human DNA.
What is the Human Genome Project?
The process of assembling amino acids into proteins based on mRNA.
What is translation?
Molecules built from amino acids that perform many cell functions.
What are proteins?
Insulin-producing bacteria are an example of this type of organism.
What is a transgenic organism?
The main product of gene expression.
What are proteins?