SKELETAL SYSTEM
Name the bones in the axial skeleton.
Skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs
Connective Tissue
An example of a gliding joint (nonaxial) is:
Acromioclavicular joint
Carpal joints
Tarsal joints
Sacroiliac joint
The term for the bony projections at the front of the pelvis.
Anterior Superior Iliac Spines (ASIS)
A condyle is the round protrusion at the end of a bone that __________________ at a joint.
articulates with another bone
The vertebral column includes:
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx:
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 sacral vertebrae
4 coccygeal vertebrae
Connective tissue serves to:
bind, support, and protect structures
Name two (2) examples of cartilaginous joints.
Epiphyseal plate
Intervertebral disc
Symphysis Pubis
Sternocostal joint
This is the cup-like socket where the ilium, ischium, and pubis meet.
Acetabulum
The glenohumeral joint and acetabulofemoral joint are examples of this type of synovial joint
Ball-and-Socket (Triaxial)
The thoracic cage is comprised of:
the sternum, ribs, and associated costal cartilage
Name three (3) types of connective tissue in the body outside of ligaments and tendons:
Bursae, fibrocartilaginous discs, tendon sheaths, fat pads, retinacula, fasciae
The six types of synovial joints are further categorized by the movement they allow around axes, which are:
(1) Uniaxial: movement around 1 axis
(2) Biaxial: movement around 2 axes
(3) Triaxial: movement around 3 axes
(4) Nonaxial: movement around 0 axes
The knee is a ______________ joint, allowing for ___________-___________ and small amounts of ___________-___________.
modified hinge
flexion-extension
internal-external rotation
These are the distinguishing features or markings located on a given bone and are important for evaluating body alignment.
Bony Landmarks
This term describes an abnormally large cervical OR lumbar curvature.
Lordosis
What are bursae and where are two (2) locations bursae can be found in the body?
Flattened connective tissue sac lined with synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Found in: hip, shoulder, ankle, knee, elbow
Name the movements allowed for by condyloid joints.
flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
These ligaments provide anterior and posterior stability in the knee.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
It contains the bones of limbs and their associated girdles that are further categorized into the upper and lower extremities.
Appendicular Skeleton
The lower extremity of the appendicular skeleton includes the following:
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Describe fascia and provide it's four (4) classifications.
Fascia: connective tissue that encases, separates, and attaches structures including muscles, bones, and organs
Classifications: superficial, deep, visceral, and parietal
Describe an open kinematic chain and a closed kinematic chain.
(1) Open Kinematic Chain: proximal end of chain is fixed, and distal segment is free to move
(2) Closed Kinematic Chain: both proximal end of chain and distal segment are fixed
The ankle is a ___________ joint and allows for ______________ and ______________.
Hinge
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
These are the medial ankle ligaments that prevent extreme eversion.
Deltoid ligaments