A tiny solid or liquid particle suspended in air or as a gas. It can be natural, such as fog or gas from volcanic eruptions, or artificial, such as smoke from burning fossil fuels.
What is Aerosol?
A region that falls within the Arctic Circle. The edge of that circle is defined as the northernmost point at which the sun is visible on the northern winter solstice and the southernmost point at which the midnight sun can be seen on the northern summer solstice. The high Arctic is that most northerly third of this region. It’s a region dominated by snow cover much of the year.
What is arctic?
The weather conditions that typically exist in one area, in general, or over a long period.
What is climate?
A program that runs on a computer that creates a model, or simulation, of a real-world feature, phenomenon or event.
What is computer model?
Further on in the direction in which a stream is flowing or the path at which stream water will flow in its trek to towards the oceans.
What is downstream?
Also known as black carbon, it's the sometimes oily residues of incompletely burned materials, from plastics, leaves and wood to coal, oil and other fossil fuels. Soot particles can be quite small — nanometers in diameter. If inhaled, they can end up deep within the lung.
What is soot?
That part of the globe covered by Europe and Asia.
What is eurasia?
Long-term, significant change in the climate of Earth. It can happen naturally or in response to human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests.
What is climate change?
A simulation of a real-world event (usually using a computer) that has been developed to predict one or more likely outcomes. Or an individual that is meant to display how something would work in or look on others.
What is model?
A fast-flowing, high-altitude air current. On Earth, the major jet streams flow from west to east in the mid-latitude regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
What is jet stream?
Plumes of microscopic particles that float in the air. They can be comprised of anything very small. But the best known types are pollutants created by the incomplete burning of oil, wood and other carbon-based materials.
What is smoke?
A flat area of land, high above sea level. It’s sometimes referred to as “tableland.” Several of its edges tend to be steeply sloped (cliffs).
What is plateau?
The height or altitude at which something exists.
What is elevation?
(n.) On the internet. (adj.) A term for what can be found or accessed on the internet.
What is online?
The rainwater that runs off of land into rivers, lakes and the seas. As that water travels through soils, it picks up bits of dirt and chemicals that it will later deposit as pollutants in streams, lakes and seas.
What is runoff?
A minute amount of something.
What is particle?
A slow-moving river of ice hundreds or thousands of meters deep. Glaciers are found in mountain valleys and also form parts of ice sheets.
What is glacier?
The full extent or distribution of something. For instance, a plant or animal’s range is the area over which it naturally exists.
What is range?
A moon orbiting a planet or a vehicle or other manufactured object that orbits some celestial body in space.
What is satellite?
An ocean (or region that is part of an ocean). Unlike lakes and streams, seawater — or ocean water — is salty.
What is sea?
fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or carried in the air.
What is dust?
A range of mountains that looks like a rugged spine. It runs through west-central Russia and has in the past served as a physical boundary between Europe to the west and Asia to the east.
What is Urals?
Having to do with the sun or the radiation it emits. It comes from sol, Latin for sun.
What is solar?
The energy in sunlight that can be captured as heat or converted into heat or electrical energy. Some people refer to wind power as a form of solar energy. The reason: Winds are driven by the variations in temperatures and the density of the air, both of which are affected by the solar heating of the air, ground and surface waters.
What is solar energy?
The initial plant that sprouts leaves and roots after emerging from a seed.
What is seedling?