A Voyage of Discovery
Ideas that Influenced Darwin
Darwin's Theory: Natural Selection
Evidence of Evolution
Vocabulary
Genes & Variation
Evolution as Genetic Change
The Process of Speciation
Molecular Evolution
FUNZIES
100
According to the ideas of Darwin, which kinds of modern organisms evolved from a common ancestor?
All Organisms
100
Nature provides inherited variations, and humans select those variants to be useful
Artificial Selection
100
The akiapola'au uses its long top bill to probe for insects in trees. The beak is an example of what?
an adaptation
100
The wing of a bat and the front leg of a dog are examples of what structure?
Homologous structures
100
Example: Appendix
vestigial structure
100
The combined genetic information of all members of a particular populations forms a __________________.
Gene Pool
100
A random change in a small populations' allele frequency is known as ____________.
Genetic Drift
100
When two different populations reproduce at different times
Temporal isolation
100
A group of regulatory genes that determine which parts of an embryo develop into arms, legs, or wings are known as ______________
Hox genes
100
In 2014, Google partnered with Game Freak and Nintendo as part of an April Fool's Day prank to create a new version of Google Maps populated by small creatures. This prank inspired what massively popular 2016 video game?
200
Life changing over time
evolution
200
What kind of breeding would an animal breeder do to increase the number of cows that give the most milk?
Artificial Selection
200
During the process of natural selection, what determines which organism's survive and reproduce
environmental fitness
200
the wing of a bat and the wing of a bee or other insect are examples of what types of structures?
analogous structures
200
example:
bird wing and butterfly wing
analogous structure
200
Traits, such as human height, that are controlled by more than one gene are known as ___________.
Polygenic Traits
200
The situation in which allele frequencies changes as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population is known as _______________.
the founder effect
200
When two populations no longer interbreed, what is the result?
Reproductive isolation
200
What are neutral mutations?
Mutations that have no effect on phenotype
200
The Warthog is the nickname of the M12 Force Application Light Reconnaissance Vehicle, a fictional armored fighting vehicle that appears in what video game series?
300
In addition to observing living organisms, what else did Darwin study to gain evidence?
Fossils
300
Give an example of selective breeding
- breeding the fastest greyhounds or horses for racing
300
What is the principle of common descent?
all species - living and extinct - are united by descent from ancient common ancestors.
300
How do homologous structures develop?
from adaptations to different selective pressures as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor
300
the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past
biogeography
300
A group of individuals of the same species that mate and produce offspring
Population
300
Why is genetic equilibrium uncommon in actual populations?
Because one or more of the five conditions that can disturb genetic equilibrium are always happening
(Nonrandom mating, small population size, gene flow from immigration or emigration, mutations, natural selection)
300
Name three ways populations can become reproductively isolated?
1. behavioral isolation
2. geographic isolation
3. temporal isolation
300
How do chromosomes gain an extra copy of a gene during meiosis?
Crossing-over may involve unequal swapping of DNA so that one chromosome in the pair gets an extra copy of the gene
300
What other two names does Marshall Bruce Mathers III go by?
Eminem & Slim Shady
400
Describe two birds that provide evidence that species vary globally
Ostrich - Africa
Emu - Australia
both are large flightless birds found on different continents.
400
According to Malthus, what would occur if the human population grew unchecked?
Disease, war, famine
400
What three conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur?
surviving, reproducing, passing on adaptations to the next generation
400
What evidence at the molecular level supports the theory of evolution?
overwhelming similarities in the genetic code of all organisms.
400
describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
fitness
400
Define evolution in genetic terms.
any change in the relative frequency of alleles in the gene pool of a population over time.
400
In a population of goats, both beige-coated and brown-coated goats are better able to blend with the rocky environment than white-coated goats. In this case, the beige and brown coat colors are favored by natural selection over the white color.
Which type of pattern of natural selection would occur in this scenario?
Disruptive Selections
400
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states there are five conditions that can disturb genetic equilibrium and cause evolution to occur...
Name the five conditions!
Nonrandom mating
Small population size
Gene flow from immigration or emigration
Mutations
Natural Selection
400
How does a molecular clock allow scientists to study evolutionary history?
Uses mutation rates in DNA to estimate the time that two species have been evolving independently
400
On Love is Blind, who does Chelsea claim people tell her she looks like?
500
Scientists before Darwin had proposed that living things could change over time. Why was Darwin's theory of evolution more powerful and useful than the proposals of the other scientists?
Darwin explained the mechanism by which evolution occurred.
500
Artificial selection has produced a wide variety of crop plants, livestock, and pets. What characteristic of artificial selection makes it different from natural selection?
Humans, not the environment, select which organisms survive and reproduce.
500
Giraffes, camels, and horses share some traits, although they vary in other traits. Which statement accurately describes the evolution of these species?
a. Each species descended from an ancient common ancestor.
b. All three species evolved from three unrelated ancient ancestors.
c. Each species evolved uniquely, without any ancestors.
d. Two of the species descended from the other species.
a. Each species descended from an ancient common ancestor.
500
What evidence for evolution did Peter and Rosemary Grant provide?
Supported two hypotheses:
1. natural selection takes place in the wild
2. variation is essential for a species to adapt to and survive in changing environment conditions.
500
any heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment
adaptation
500
Which source of variation brings more diversity into the gene pool?
Sexual Reproduction: Most heritable differences between generations are caused by genetic recombination and crossing-over of genes during meiosis as a part of sexual reproduction.
500
The molecular clock hypothesis states that DNA and protein sequence differences between any two species is proportional to the time since these species last shared a common ancestor.
How do molecular clocks mark time?
Molecular clocks mark time by mutations that tend to accumulate at the same rate in different species.
500
Western and Eastern meadowlarks look very similar and it is difficult to tell them apart, until they sing. Their mating songs are quite different. The Western meadowlark has a melodious song, whereas the song of the Eastern meadowlark sounds more like a whistle. Even though their ranges overlap in the central United States, they do not interbreed and are two different species.
How would speciation most likely have occurred in these two species of meadowlarks?
Reproductive isolation occurred through behavioral isolation.
500
The molecular clock hypothesis states that DNA and protein sequence differences between any two species is proportional to the time since these species last shared a common ancestor.
How do molecular clocks mark time?
Molecular clocks mark time by mutations that tend to accumulate at the same rate in different species.
500
Which international team won the first men's world cup in 1930?
