Orgo Chem
This substitution mechanism involves a backside nucleophilic attack and inversion of configuration.
What is SN2?
According to Boyle’s law, if you halve the volume of a gas (at constant temperature), its pressure does this.
What is doubles (it doubles)?
In eukaryotic cells, this organelle is often described as the “powerhouse” because it produces ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the mitochondrion?
When an author presents only the evidence that supports their argument while ignoring opposing viewpoints, this type of bias is being demonstrated.
What is confirmation bias?
If xx is 30% less than yy, and yy is 20% less than 50, what is the value of xx?
What is 28? (First y=50×0.8=40y=50×0.8=40; then x=40×0.7=28x=40×0.7=28.)
This reagent selectively oxidizes a primary alcohol to an aldehyde without further oxidation to a carboxylic acid.
What is PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate)?
The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction HA⇌H++A−HA⇌H++A− is written as [ H+ ][ A− ]/[ HA ][H+][A−]/[HA]; this quantity is known as th
What is the acid dissociation constant, Ka?
The process by which a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells is called this.
What is mitosis?
If a passage mainly explains how something works — such as the process of tooth decay or photosynthesis — the author’s primary purpose is likely this.
What is to explain or inform?
A solution contains water and bleach in a ratio of 5 : 1. If there are 30 mL of bleach, how many mL of water must be present?
What is 150 mL? (Because 5 parts water for every 1 part bleach → water = 5×30 = 150.)
A cyclic compound with 4n+24n+2 π electrons that is planar and fully conjugated qualifies under this rule.
What is Hückel’s rule for aromaticity?
The enthalpy change of a reaction run in several steps equals the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual steps; this principle is called this.
What is Hess’s Law?
Natural selection acts on this level of biological organization, changing allele frequencies over time in populations of organisms.
What is population genetics (or populations)?
A passage that uses emotional language and persuasive techniques to convince the reader to take a specific stance has this type of tone.
What is a persuasive (or argumentative) tone?
What is the area of a right triangle whose legs measure 6 cm and 8 cm?
What is 24 cm²? (Area = ½ × 6 × 8.)
A molecule has one chiral center and a plane of symmetry, making it optically inactive despite being chiral. It is called this.
What is a meso compound?
A substance with stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding will generally have a higher one of these compared to a similar non-hydrogen-bonding substance.
What is boiling point (or melting point)?
The inheritance pattern in which one allele is not completely dominant over another, resulting in an intermediate phenotype, is called this.
What is incomplete dominance?
When a question asks you to determine what can be logically concluded based on the author’s statements, it is testing this critical reading skill.
What is making an inference?
A lab technician can sterilize 5 trays in 12 minutes. At the same rate, how many trays can be sterilized in one hour (60 minutes)?
What is 25 trays? (Rate = 5 trays/12 min → in 60 min = 5 × (60/12) = 25.)
The reaction of an alkene with HBr in the presence of peroxide (ROOR) giving the Br on the less substituted carbon is this type of addition.
What is anti-Markovnikov addition (via free radical mechanism)?
When electrons flow from anode to cathode in an electrochemical cell, the anode is doing this (losing/gaining) electrons and undergoing this kind of reaction.
What is losing electrons and oxidation?
The organ system responsible for removing waste, regulating fluid volume, and maintaining electrolyte balance is this.
What is the urinary (or renal) system?
A passage that provides a neutral overview of multiple scientific studies on fluoride effectiveness without favoring one side demonstrates this authorial quality.
What is objectivity (or an objective tone)?
A drawer contains 6 latex gloves, 4 nitrile gloves, and 2 vinyl gloves. If one glove is selected at random, what is the probability it is not nitrile?
What is 8/12 or 2/3? (There are 12 total; 4 nitrile, so 8 that are not nitrile → 8/12 = 2/3.)