Category 1: What is Statistics?
The two main meanings of "statistics" are numerical facts and this.
What is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data?
The goal of descriptive statistics.
What is to describe and summarize data?
The hypothesis of "no effect" or "no difference".
What is the Null Hypothesis (H₀)?
The "Gold Standard" study design, often double-blind and placebo-controlled.
What is a Clinical Trial?
The free, cloud-based SAS platform mentioned for academic use.
What is SAS OnDemand for Academics (ODA)?
The two main branches of statistics.
What are Descriptive and Inferential Statistics?
The three common measures of central tendency (location)
What are Mean, Median, and Mode?
The hypothesis that there is an effect or difference.
What is the Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)?
A study design where groups with different exposures are followed over time to compare outcomes.
What is a Cohort Study?
The interface used to interact with SAS ODA.
What is SAS Studio?
This branch of statistics focuses on summarizing and describing data.
What is Descriptive Statistics?
The three common measures of dispersion (variability).
What are Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation?
The probability of observing your result (or more extreme) if the null hypothesis is true.
What is the p-value?
A study design that starts with 'Cases' and 'Controls' and looks backward for exposure differences.
What is a Case-Control Study?
The pane on the left in SAS Studio showing Server Files, Tasks, and Libraries.
What is the Navigation Pane?
This branch of statistics focuses on drawing conclusions about a population from a sample.
What is Inferential Statistics?
The term for the average value.
What is the Mean?
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
What is a Type I Error (False Positive)?
A key feature of clinical trials to prevent bias, where neither participants nor researchers know group assignments.
What is Double-Blinding?
The SAS library where temporary datasets are often stored.
What is the WORK library?
This is the key question inferential statistics tries to answer about observed results.
What is "Are they statistically significant, or just due to chance?"
The term for the typical deviation from the mean.
What is the Standard Deviation?
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false (missing a real effect).
What is a Type II Error (False Negative)?
A weakness of cohort studies due to the lack of randomization.
What is potential for confounding bias?
The two main steps to get external data (like Excel) into SAS.
What are Uploading the file and Using the Import Data Task?