Machine Learning
What branch of artificial intelligence focuses on developing automated systems that can learn from data?
Machine Learning
What data process involves combining selected data with other data to leverage greater insights?
Data Enrichment
What is the primary purpose of descriptive statistics?
describe characteristics of a dataset | measure the level of error and uncertainty | visualize patterns such as clustering or dispersion
Why is data visualization considered an effective method for understanding large and complex datasets?
reveal hidden patterns, structures, and trends | easier interpretation and communication | replaces the need for statistical analysis | allowing detailed exploration
What are statistics routinely used to aide in?
Data Mining, Prediction, and Optimization
What type of learning uses labeled training data to match inputs with known outputs?
Supervised learning
What does data enrichment produce that enables insights beyond a single dataset?
The Amplification Effect
List some examples of descriptive statistical methods?
Time-series analysis | Graph theory | Spatial statistics
What are some capabilities of interactive visualizations in the digital realm?
filtering unimportant data | Viewing relationships | Extracting subsets
What three descriptive statistical techniques are being applied to quantitative data in order to make sense of them?
Time-series analysis, graph theory, and spatial statistics.
What type of learning identifies hidden patterns and structures in data without using labeled examples?
Unsupervised learning
Which step in the data pre-analytics process is designed to strengthen validity and veracity of the conclusions drawn from data?
Data Selection
What distinguishes inferential statistics from descriptive statistics?
explain and test relationships between variables | use hypothesis testing to infer conclusions| correlation and regression
What ways can visualizations support real-time monitoring systems?
displaying dynamic dashboards | enabling quick decision-making | respond to live dataupdates
Why is combining results from multiple models more effective than relying on results from a single model?
Aggregating the results leads to a more robust outcome as the process compensates for weakness in each model
hat term describes a learning approach that combines both labeled and unlabeled data?
Semi-supervised learning
What four processes of data analytics are usually undertaken in sequence, but do not need to be executed in any particular order?
Data Selection, Data Pre-processing, Data Reduction and Projection, and Data Enrichment
Why can applying traditional statistical methods to big data be challenging yet still valuable?
traditional techniques were developed for smaller, non-exhaustive datasets | allows finer segmentation without losing statistical power | provide structure for making sense of large datasets
What social or collaborative role can modern visualization tools play, according to the text?
collaborative data exploration | build and share narrative visualizations | integrate with mapping tools
What concept can be used to assess and tweak a system by comparing a control group with a variety of test groups in order to determine what treatments improve a given objective?
A/B Testing
Why does machine learning still require human expertise despite being automated?
Because analysts must guide, interpret, and refine the models
What can data scientists who utilize computational methods use algorithms to do?
Search, Match, Combine, Repackage, and Reformat data
What role do probabilistic, and Bayesian statistics play in modern data analysis?
estimate the likelihood of events or conditions occurring | incorporate prior knowledge or beliefs into statistical inference | essential for prediction and uncertainty quantification
How do data visualizations enhance understanding of abstract or hard to conceptualize phenomena?
Transforming abstract data into visual forms | revealing spatial, structural, and relational patterns | see and interpret complex systems
What four insights do big data analytics seek to provide?
Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Prescription