Vaccines
What does "Fc" stand for in the context of antibody structure?
A. Fragment constant
B. Fixed component
C. Fragment crystallizable
D. Flavivirus cytotoxin
C. Fragment crystallizable
Which Nobel Laureate Gave a Guest Lecture at Brown in November of 2025?
A. Charlie Rice
B. Francis Arnold
C. Derek Henry
D. George Smith
A. Charlie Rice
Which of the following was discovered by an Australian?
A. Gardasil HPV vaccine
B. Fanconi anemia
C. The structure of vitamin B12
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
A. Gardasil HPV vaccine
Cholera is an infection of vibrio cholera primarily within what organ?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Brain
B. Small intestine
Lyme disease is spread to humans by:
A. An insect
B. A protazoa
C. A mammal
D. An arachnid
D. An arachnid
The term "vaccine" is based on the latin word for _________.
A. Stab
B. Heat
C. Cow
D. Frog
C. Cow
Who of the following was a laureate in 2025 for medicine and physiology?
A. Mary E. Brunkow
B. Susumu Kitagawa
C. Barbara McClintock
D. James Allison
A. Mary E. Brunkow
The scientific journey of Australian Nobel Laureate Barry Marshall included which of the following?
A. Drinking a culture of Helicobacter pylori to prove it caused peptic ulcers
B. Going on sabbatical to win a silver Olympic medal in figure skating
C. Fighting someone on stage at the Sydney Opera House
D. Destroying his lab with an unbalanced ultracentrifuge
A. Drinking a culture of Helicobacter pylori to prove it caused peptic ulcers
What is the mechanism of action of the cholera toxin?
A. Initiates actin depolymerization
B. Inhibits DNA polymerase II
C. Activates adenylate cyclase
D. Inactivates pyruvate kinase
C. Activates adenylate cyclase
What metal is present in Vitamin B12?
A. Cobalt
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Aluminum
A. Cobalt
What is the only disease completely eradicated from the world by vaccines
A. Polio
B. Smallpox
C. Hepatitis C
D. Yersinia pestis
B. Smallpox
Who was the first Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to?
A. Wilhelm Röntgen
B. Fred Ramsdell
C. Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff
D. Michael Faraday
C. Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff
The Sydney funnel-web spider has a painful bite that is sometimes fatal within hours. What is the mechanism of action of the active component of the spider's venom?
A. I is a glycoside that inhibits N+/K+ ATPase
B. It is a peptide that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels
C. It is a small-molecule ribosome inhibitor
D. It is a small molecule that inhibits post-synaptic norepinephrine reuptake
B. It is a peptide that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels
The most widely availible cholera vaccine worldwide contains which of the following?
A. Live toxin-free V. cholerae for subcutaneous injection
B. A mixture a recombinant surface proteins for IM injection
C. Recombinant cholera-toxin for IM injection
D. Two serotypes of formalin-killed V. cholerae for oral consumption
D. Two serotypes of formalin-killed V. cholerae for oral consumption
Where is laboratory agarose primarily sourced from?
A. It is extracted from red algae
B. It is synthesized from corn starch
C. It is purified from industrial fruit-processing waste
D. It is extracted from the fruit of the Tanzanian Baobob tree
D
A. It is extracted from red algae
Which of the following is a real vaccine strategy that is being actively researched?
A. Bananas that express Hepatitis B surface antigens
B. Oolong tea containing antigens to mycobacteria
C. Trees that produce pollen containing antigens to Sars-CoV-2 spike protein
D. Candles that give off antiogens against RSV and Streptococcus pneumoniae
A. Bananas that express Hepatitis B surface antigens
How many people with the last name "Curie" have won a Nobel Prize?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D 10
C. 4
The chronic-painkiller Ziconotide (Prialt®) was isolated first from what Australian animal?
A. Blue-ringed octopus
B. Huntsman spider
C. Cone snail
D. Redback spider
C. Cone snail
The inventor of the first successful human cholera vaccine was:
A. A German military physician in Sudan
B. A Spanish physician who tested it on himself during an outbreak
C. In the first graduating class at MIT
D. A Nobel laureate, in literature
B. A Spanish physician who tested it on himself during an outbreak
What chemical is added to polystyrene 96-well plates to turn them black for fluorescence assays?
A. Manganese dioxide
B. Titanium dioxide
C. Nigrosin
D. Elemental Carbon
D. Elemental Carbon
Which of these is a real intervention tested in phase III clinical trials to treat or prevent drug addiction?
A. A lipid nanoparticle that absorbs opiates from the blood to be excreted by the kidneys
B. A gene therapy involving a gene from crickets (the insect) to confer resistance to sodium-channel blockers
C. A slow-release form of psilocybin that reduces activity in reward-addiction pathways
D. A cocaine-addiction vaccine created by combining norcocaine with inactivated cholera toxin
D. A cocaine-addiction vaccine created by combining norcocaine with inactivated cholera toxin
Who was the oldest Nobel laureate of all time?
A. Linus Pauling, 90
B. Jean-Paul Sartre, 92
C. John B. Goodenough, 96
D. Mark Andrews, 101
C. John B. Goodenough, 96
Which of the following is true about an Australian animal's contribution to medicine?
A. The Tasmanian devil's jaw bones inspired techniques in facial surgery
B. The blue-ringed octopus has been for a class IIa antiarrhythmic agent
C. Playtypus milk has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity
D. Wombat intestine have been used in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
C. Playtypus milk has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity
The first known attempt to create a cholera vaccine was:
A. Giovanni Raicevich, a bacteriologist and professional wrestler
B. Louis Pasteur, who was trying to prevent chicken cholera
C. The Turkish physician Galen, who recognized the disease in the working-class
D. Thomas Wakley, who was trying to prevent the disease in his own daughter
B. Louis Pasteur, who was trying to prevent chicken cholera
The founding editor of The Lancet (Thomas Wakley) was:
A. A submarine mechanic
B. A coroner and bare-knuckle boxer
C. A magician and orange-grower
D. A poet and physics lecturer
B. A coroner and bare-knuckle boxer