Knee
inner layer, well vascularized, produces synovial fluid for lubrication
what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?
syndesmosis- interosseous membrane
what is the articulation of the subtalar joint?
articulation of the talus and calcaneus
what are the attachments of the short plantar ligament?
anterior tubercle of the calcaneus to oblique ridge on the cuboid
what muscle produces the pronatory twist?
fibularis longus
characteristics of the ACL and PCL include:
extra synovial, intraarticular, vascularized from middle genicular arteries, blend with horns, limits varus/valgus in knee extension
what is the dominant motion at the talocrural joint?
what facet of the subtalar joint is the largest? does it have its own capsule?
posterior & yes
what are the 2 joints that make up the transverse tarsal joint? what kind of joints are they?
talonavicular (ball and socket) and calcaneocuboid (saddle)
cal: invert
talus: DF/ABD
tib fib: laterally rotate
twist: pronatory
Tibia laterally rotates in OKC when moving from flexion to extension
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
innervation?
blood supply?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorium longus & fibularis tertius
deep fibular nerve
anterior tibial artery
describe the axis of rotation for the subtalar joint and the dominate motions.
42 up from horizontal and 16 degrees medially
inversion/eversion then ADD/ABD then PF/DF
what types of forces do the struts and ties resist respectfully? what arch is this seen in?
strut resists compressive forces while the tie resists tensile forces
medial longitudinal arch
explain what each of the bones does in CKC pronation
cal: evert
talus: PF/ADD
tib fib: medially rotate
twist: supinatory
what type of joint is the patellofemoral joint?
plane, synovial
what is the main function of the retinacula?
prevent bowstringing - seatbelt!!
describe the motions of NWB pronation and supination
pronation: DF, eversion, ABD
supination: PF, inversion, ADD
what muscles make up the sling? what is the biomechanical effect of this?
tibialis posterior and fibularis longus
they neutralize each other for eversion nad inversion to support the medial arch
name the second layer of intrinsic foot muscles
quadrates plantae and lumbricals
what is the main function of the patella?
increases the moment arm for the quads; therefore, requiring less force for a given extensor torque
what are the ligaments on the medial and lateral sides respectfully?
medial: deltoid- 3 portions
lateral: anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, & posterior talofibular ligaments
what muscles constrain anterior and posterior sway respectfully?
posterior compartment constrains anterior sway and the anterior compartment constrains posterior sway
what are the attachments for the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament?
sustentaculum tali on the calcaneus to the navicular
spring ligament!!
explain what the plantar plate is and how its associated ligaments attach
plantar plate: fibrocartilage disc
cord: goes from the head of the metatarsal to the base of the proximal phalanx
accessory: head of metatarsal and attaches to the plantar plate