Definitions
a group of ALL observational units we are interested in
Define the term "sample"
a subset of the population observational units (the ones we collect data from)
Fill in the blank
The first name of my SI instructor is...
Madi!
Provide an example of a research question that could be posed in step 1 of the 6-step process
How many red cars come in the parking structure A per day?
Why would I want my statistic or my parameter to be an average of all my data? How does this help me analyze things?
(dont overthink it not a trick question)
having data condensed to one number helps me summarize and look at the bigger picture!
If I want to summarize data collected from my population as one number, I would use this....
parameter
If I want to summarize data collected from my sample as one number, I would use this....
statistic
I want to conduct a survey as to whether people like that tik tok dance with the apples (idk the name). I record my results as either "like dance" or "dont like dance" after surveying 200 csuf students. Am I recording a numerical or categorical variable?
Categorical! Either "like dance" or "dont like dance"
Name any step in the six step process (no notes for this one...just do your best as-is even if the definiton isn't perfect!)
Any approximation of any of the following
Ask a research question that can be addressed by collecting data
Design an study and collect data from a sample
Explore the data to look for patterns and unexpected outcomes
Draw inferences beyond the data
Formulate conclusions that consider the scope of the inference made in Step 4
Look back and ahead to point out limitations of the study and suggest how to build on the findings
please provide an example of convenience sampling
One possible answer.....
wanting information about how often Americans drink coffee but only collecting data from socal because i live here and its easier than finding out how to get data from other parts of the US
Define the term "observational unit"
the person/place/thing we want to know more information about and collect data on
give me an example of a datum
ex: the price of gas at a single gas station
I am making a new type of juice. I want to know if branding is effective. my results come back and say sales have risen 35% among mothers! What conclusions or infrences could you make?
You could say something like packaging might emphasize health more, since mothers care about the health of their kids. Other answers are fine too if justified.
After finishing the hygiene investigation, I found that girls take longer showers than guys overall, leading me to think that girls may smell better overall than guys
What step is this in the 6-step process? (be prepared to defend your answer)
4 Draw inferences beyond the data
Why would I ever make a sample? Why wouldn't I just always collect data from everyone in my population?
Because population is too big or its not feasible or possible. Time constraints is also a fair answer
Define the term "variable"
characteristic or property we collect from the observational unit
Please provide an example of an observational unit
ex: conducting a survey on hours slept at csuf, my observational unit would be students at csuf
If I have had an investigation where I was collecting data on peoples hair as either "dyed" or "not dyed" would this be an example of a binary variable?
(think: Binary means "two")
After finishing my study, I realized that we made a mistake! The way in which we randomized our sample was flawed!! For the next study, I will make sure to conduct a true simple random sample.
This is an example of doing which step? (define step also)
6. Look back and ahead to point out limitations of the study and suggest how to build on the findings
Please provide me with 3 examples of categorical variables that are numbers!
SSN, area code, zip code, jersey number, CWID, class number
When defining my observtational unit, should I include the scope? I suppose I am asking which of the following is correct...
My observational unit is a monkey at the Cincinnati zoo
My observational unit is a monkey
My observational unit is a monkey at the Cincinnati zoo
Please provide an example of a variable
anything collected:
ex: if I asked about sleep times, the variable would be hours slept
Give an example of something that would cause bias in an investigation.... it could be ANYTHING that would skew the results (ill give 100 bonus points if you can give an example of a fake investigation to go along with it)
Ex: I am a troop leader collecting data on whether people like the Boy Scouts of America. To collect this data, I send boyscouts door to door asking people to complete a survey asking about their satisfaction with the program. Turns out, everyone loves the boy scouts! or at least thats what my data says: nobody wants to tell a boyscout that they hate boyscouts. That's mean :(
5. Formulate conclusions that consider the scope of the inference made in Step 4
Above is step 5 in the 6-step process. What does this mean in laymans terms (or just in your own words)?
Draw conclusions but keeping in mind your population. If you only sampled csuf students, maybe take that into account when drawing conclusions.
Ex. if my survey was on time spent playing video games, its important to include the fact that i only asked csuf students (most likely 18-22) and this may make my data biased if I try to generalize it and say that my findings represent all of CA
How would you create a random sample without technology?
List names of everyone in population
put slips in a hat
draw names without replacement
repeat n times