Chemistry and Reactions
This molecule contains a ring
What is an aromatic?
What is grading?
Coking and Metals
What are mechanisms to foul or deactivate catalyst?
Improves with higher H2 pressure
What is diesel cetane or jet smoke point?
Jamnagar Refinery
What is the world's largest refinery?
This reaction has the highest heat release per SCF (m3) of Hydrogen consumed.
What is olefin saturation?
What is the surface area of catalyst?
What is silicon?
Impacts diffusivity in and out of catalyst pores
What is viscosity?
Standard Oil of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil) started up the first commercial unit of this technology?
What is hydrotreating? (What is FCC is also okay)
If not removed, this molecule can deactivate reaction sites.
What is basic nitrogen?
2.5 Ratio
What is the maximize size difference between catalyst/grading layers?
May turn "soft" coke back into hydrocarbon.
Feed Rate / Catalyst Volume
What is LHSV?
The technology was invented to process coal
What is hydrocracking?
A reaction that occurs as temperatures approach 850F or 450C
What is thermal cracking?
Increase surface area and optimize pore size
Improve metals dispersion
Increase metals contact
Increase of 8x coking rate
What is the impact of cutting H2 partial pressure in half?
Increases make a significant difference in promoting the right reaction.
What is H2 partial pressure?
Most critical product from hydrocracking during WWII that resulted in more units being built
What is jet fuel?
Aromatic saturation and mercaptans
What are reversible reactions?
Used in hydrocracking and dewaxing catalysts.
What is zeolite?
Is removed with high nickel content catalyst or grading.
What is arsenic?
Molecules on the verge of becoming coke
What is carbon residue?
200-300 bar
2900-4350 psi
The operating pressure of the original hydrocrackers in late 1920's.